Related papers: Non-quantum entanglement resolves a fundamental is…
The Mueller-Stokes formalism which governs conventional polarization optics is formulated for plane waves, and thus the only qualification one could demand of a $4\times 4$ real matrix $M$ in order that it qualifies to be the Mueller matrix…
Quantum approaches relying on entangled photons have been recently proposed to increase the efficiency of optical measurements. We demonstrate here that, surprisingly, the use of classical light with entangled degrees of freedom can also…
The emerging field of entanglement or nonseparability in classical optics is reviewed, and its similarities with and differences from quantum entanglement clearly pointed out through a recapitulation of Hilbert spaces in general, the…
Quantum descriptions of polarization show the rich degrees of freedom underlying classical light. While changes in polarization of light are well-described classically, a full quantum description of polarimetry, which characterizes…
We present a theoretical study of multi-mode scattering of light by optically random media, using the Mueller-Stokes formalism which permits to encode all the polarization properties of the scattering medium in a real $4 \times 4$ matrix.…
We present a theoretical analysis of the connection between classical polarization optics and quantum mechanics of two-level systems. First, we review the matrix formalism of classical polarization optics from a quantum information…
For a wide range of applications a fast, non-destructive, remote, and sensitive identification of samples with predefined characteristics is preferred instead of their full characterization. Here, we report on the experimental…
We demonstrate in theory and experiment the strict equivalence between nonclassical polarization and the entanglement of indistinguishable photons, thereby unifying these two phenomena that appear dissimilar at first sight. This allows us…
Classical light fields are considered physical examples of nonquantum entanglement\cite{Eberly2011}. We apply concurrence and Schmidt approach to evaluate the degree of entanglement for a generalized polarization state that Qian and Eberly…
The effects of a beamsplitter are frequently described mathematically as a matrix acting on a two input ports vector. This might be comprehensive for a scalar field but certainly insufficient in case of photons which are vector fields. In…
Forward models for the Mueller Matrix (MM) components of materials with relative magnetic permeability tensor {\mu} \neq 1 are studied. 4x4 matrix formalism is employed to produce general solutions for the complex reflection coefficients…
Conventional polarimetry, including schemes leveraging entangled light, characterizes optical samples through linear transformations of polarization states. We introduce a two-photon probing approach in which both photons of an entangled…
The quantum nature of the state of a bosonic quantum field manifests itself in its entanglement, coherence, or optical nonclassicality which are each known to be resources for quantum computing or metrology. We provide quantitative and…
We consider entanglement in a system of fixed number of identical particles. Since any operation should be symmetrized over all the identical particles and there is the precondition that the spatial wave functions overlap, the meaning of…
Entanglement is a key resource for fundamental tests of physics and emerging quantum technologies. In quantum optics, two perspectives on entanglement coexist. In the continuous-variable framework, entanglement is understood as holding…
Any one measurement with polarized light makes it possible to fix the Mueller matrices of the Lorentz type with up to four arbitrary numeric parameters (x, u; z, w). These parameters are subject to the quadratic condition. It is…
Under the introduction of any interface in its trajectory, an optical beam experiences polarization-dependent deflections in the longitudinal and transverse directions with respect to the plane of incidence. The physics of such optical beam…
We make a critical comparison of relativistic and non-relativistic classical and quantum mechanics of particles in inertial frames and of the open problems in particle localization at the two levels. The solution of the problems of the…
Mueller polarimetry is a powerful technique with broad applications in astronomy, remote sensing, advanced material analysis, and biomedical imaging. However, instrumental constraints frequently restrict the measurement to an incomplete…
The nonclassicality of a macroscopic single-mode optical superposition state is potentially convertible into entanglement, when the state is mixed with the vacuum on a beam splitter. Considering light beams with polarization degree of…