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The figure eight is a remarkable solution to the Newtonian three-body problem in which the three equal masses chase each around a planar curve having the qualitative shape and symmetries of a figure eight. Here we prove that each lobe of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Toshiaki Fujiwara , Richard Montgomery

We investigate three-body motion in three dimensions under the interaction potential proportional to r^alpha (alpha \neq 0) or log r, where r represents the mutual distance between bodies, with the following conditions: (I) the moment of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-01-17 Toshiaki Fujiwara , Hiroshi Fukuda , Hiroshi Ozaki

Some properties of the periodic solution of the three-body problem where three particles of equal mass follow the same trajectory are discussed. This trajectory has the shape of a figure-8. The three particles have a constant separation in…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-07-21 F. L. Janssens

We study the multichannel scattering in the classical three-body system and show that the problem can be formulated as a motion of the point mass on a curved hyper-surface of the energy of the body-system. It is proved that the local…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-12-08 Ashot S. Gevorkyan

In this paper we consider the circular restricted three body problem which models the motion of a masless body under the influence of the Newtionan gravitational force caused by two other bodies, the primaries, which move along cicular…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-10-08 Marcel Guardia , Pau Martin , Tere M. Seara

This study presents a general alternative scheme of the procedure and necessary conditions for solving the $n$-body problem. The presented solution is not a solution of the classical problem, where the initial conditions of positions and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-24 Pawel Wojda

A small variation of the circular shape of the hodograph theorem states that for every elliptical solution of the two-body problem, it is possible to find an appropriate inertial frame such that the speed of the bodies is constant. We use…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-27 Carman Cater , Oscar Perdomo , Amanda Valentine

We prove for a large class of n-body problems including a subclass of quasihomogeneous n-body problems, the classical n-body problem, the n-body problem in spaces of negative constant Gaussian curvature and a restricted case of the n-body…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-06-28 Pieter Tibboel

The article formulates the classical three-body problem in conformal-Euclidean space (Riemannian manifold), and its equivalence to the Newton three-body problem is mathematically rigorously proved. It is shown that a curved space with a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2020-08-04 Ashot Gevorkyan

In the $2$-dimensional $n$-body problem, $n\ge 3$, in spaces of constant curvature, $\kappa\ne 0$, we study polygonal homographic solutions. We first provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these orbits and then…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-02-21 Florin Diacu

We obtained new periodic solutions in the problems of three and four point vortices moving on a plane. In the case of three vortices, the system is reduced to a Hamiltonian system with one degree of freedom, and it is integrable. In the…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-09-29 A. V. Borisov , I. S. Mamaev , A. A. Kilin

We report on figure-eight choreographic solutions to a system of three identical particles interacting through a potential of Lennard-Jones type, $1/r^{12}-1/r^6$ where $r$ is a distance between the particles. By numerical search, we found…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-07 Hiroshi Fukuda , Toshiaki Fujiwara , Hiroshi Ozaki

This monograph describes a Riemannian geometric reduction approach to the three-body problem. The fundamental theorems are presented in the introductory part, whereas their proofs are provided in later chapters where specific topics are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 W. Y. Hsiang , E. Straume

Despite the huge number of research into the three-body problem in physics and mathematics, the study of this problem still remains relevant both from the point of view of its broad application and taking into account its fundamental…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 A. S. Gevorkyan , A. V. Bogdanov , V. V. Mareev

In the 2-dimensional curved 3-body problem, we prove the existence of Lagrangian and Eulerian homographic orbits, and provide their complete classification in the case of equal masses. We also show that the only non-homothetic hyperbolic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2010-12-14 Florin Diacu , Ernesto Perez-Chavela

We generalize the Newtonian n-body problem to spaces of curvature k=constant, and study the motion in the 2-dimensional case. For k>0, the equations of motion encounter non-collision singularities, which occur when two bodies are antipodal.…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-02-21 Florin Diacu , Ernesto Perez-Chavela , Manuele Santoprete

Consider the Restricted Planar Circular Three Body Problem (RPC3BP), which models the motion of a massless particle (Asteroid) under the gravitational influence of two massive bodies (the primaries) moving on circular orbits. By considering…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Marcel Guardia , José Lamas , Tere M-Seara

The three-body problem is a fundamental long-standing open problem, with applications in all branches of physics, including astrophysics, nuclear physics and particle physics. In general, conserved quantities allow to reduce the formulation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-28 Barak Kol

We present a variational approach to obtain periodic solutions of the $N$-body problem, in particular the 'figure-eight' solution for three equal masses. The central idea is to explicitly optimize the \emph{spatial scale} within the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Juan Manuel Sánchez-Cerritos , Mayte Torres-Hernández

In this letter we show that although the application of standard Lyapunov analysis predicts that completely integrable Kepler motion is unstable, the geometrical analysis of Horwitz et al [1] predicts the observed stability. This seems to…

Classical Physics · Physics 2010-10-22 A. Yahalom , J. Levitan , M. Lewkowicz , L. Horwitz