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A systematic procedure is proposed for deriving all the gauge symmetries of the general, not necessarily variational, equations of motion. For the variational equations, this procedure reduces to the Dirac-Bergmann algorithm for the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. L. Lyakhovich , A. A. Sharapov

We present the Dirac Hamiltonian formalism for a pair of $1$-form fields with a topological-like potential coupled to first-order gravity in three-dimensional spacetime. By considering the complete phase space, we derive the full structure…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-13 Omar Rodríguez-Tzompantzi

This work places the invariant $ds^2$ at the center of the gravitational interaction, interpreting it not as a purely geometric object but as the differential of proper time, endowed with direct physical meaning. Starting from the extension…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-10 Jaume de Haro

We develop a systematic Hamiltonian formulation for a gravitating topological matter system in three-dimensional spacetime, coupling a scalar gauge field and a rank-2 antisymmetric gauge field to Einstein--Cartan gravity. We perform the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-22 Omar Rodríguez-Tzompantzi

We describe a class of modified gravity theories that deform general relativity in a way that breaks time reversal invariance and, very mildly, locality. The algebra of constraints, local physical degrees of freedom, and their linearized…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-08-12 Marina Cortes , Henrique Gomes , Lee Smolin

A systematic approach is developed in order to obtain spherically symmetric midisuperspace models that accept holonomy modifications in the presence of matter fields with local degrees of freedom. In particular, starting from the most…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-12 Asier Alonso-Bardaji , David Brizuela

We present a non-perturbative quantization of general relativity coupled to dust and other matter fields. The dust provides a natural time variable, leading to a physical Hamiltonian with spatial diffeomorphism symmetry. The methods of loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-23 Viqar Husain , Tomasz Pawlowski

The system of gravity coupled to the non-rotational dust field is studied at both classical and quantum levels. The scalar constraint of the system can be written in the form of a true physical Hamiltonian with respect to the dust time. In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-15 Xiangdong Zhang , Yongge Ma

It is proven that the usual quadratic general-covariant Lagrangian for the Dirac field leads to a symmetric, divergence-free energy-momentum tensor in the standard Riemannian framework of space-time without torsion, provided the tetrad…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-02-03 Ludger Hannibal

We discuss the two-dimensional isotropic antiferromagnet in the framework of gauge invariance. Gauge invariance is one of the most subtle useful concepts in theoretical physics, since it allows one to describe the time evolution of complex…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-09-10 S. A. Leonel , A. C. R. Mendes , W. Oliveira , G. L. Silva , L. M. V. Xavier

Diffeomorphism-induced symmetry transformations and time evolution are distinct operations in generally covariant theories formulated in phase space. Time is not frozen. Diffeomorphism invariants are consequently not necessarily constants…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 J. M. Pons , D. C. Salisbury

We derive for generally covariant theories the generic dependency of observables on the original fields, corresponding to coordinate-dependent gauge fixings. This gauge choice is equivalent to a choice of intrinsically defined coordinates…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-29 J. M. Pons , D. C. Salisbury , K. A. Sundermeyer

Two Hamiltonian formulations of General Relativity, due to Pirani, Schild and Skinner (Phys. Rev. 87, 452, 1952) and Dirac (Proc. Roy. Soc. A 246, 333, 1958), are considered. Both formulations, despite having different expressions for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-15 A. M. Frolov , N. Kiriushcheva , S. V. Kuzmin

We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-28 Marco Bruni , Sabino Matarrese , Silvia Mollerach , Sebastiano Sonego

We generalize Einstein's General Relativity (GR) by assuming that all matter (including macro-objects) has quantum effects. An appropriate theory to fulfill this task is Gauge Theory Gravity (GTG) developed by the Cambridge group. GTG is a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-14 Da-Ming Chen

We study cosmological perturbation theory with scalar field and pressureless dust in the Hamiltonian formulation, with the dust field chosen as a matter-time gauge. The corresponding canonical action describes the dynamics of the scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-04 Viqar Husain , Mustafa Saeed

The most general dilaton gravity theory in 2 spacetime dimensions is considered. A Hamiltonian analysis is performed and the reduced phase space, which is two dimensional, is explicitly constructed in a suitable parametrization of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 D. Louis- Martinez , J. Gegenberg , G. Kunstatter

Some of the most outstanding questions in the field of gravitation and geometry remain unsolved as a result of our limited understanding of the global structure of the spacetime geometry and the role played by global spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-09-23 M. Iftime

The framework of the Covariant Canonical Gauge theory of Gravity (CCGG) is described in detail. CCGG emerges naturally in the Palatini formulation, where the vierbein and the spin connection are independent fields. Neither torsion nor…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-22 David Vasak , Jürgen Struckmeier

It might seem that a choice of a time coordinate in Hamiltonian formulations of general relativity breaks the full four-dimensional diffeomorphism covariance of the theory. This is not the case. We construct explicitly the complete set of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 D. C. Salisbury , J. M. Pons , L. C. Shepley