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This is a comprehensive review on fault-tolerant topological quantum computation with the surface codes. The basic concepts and useful tools underlying fault-tolerant quantum computation, such as universal quantum computation, stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-08 Keisuke Fujii

Topological error correction--a novel method to actively correct errors based on cluster states with topological properties--has the highest order of tolerable error rates known to date (10^{-2}). Moreover, the scheme requires only…

As simulations of quantum systems cross the limits of classical computability, both quantum and classical approaches become hard to verify. Scaling predictions are therefore based on local structure and asymptotic assumptions, typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Alberto Nocera , Jack Raymond , William Bernoudy , Mohammad H. Amin , Andrew D. King

Recent research has demonstrated that quantum computers can solve certain types of problems substantially faster than the known classical algorithms. These problems include factoring integers and certain physics simulations. Practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Emanuel Knill , Raymond Laflamme , Wojciech H. Zurek

This study considers implementations of error correction in a simulation language on a classical computer. Error correction will be necessarily in quantum computing and quantum information. We will give some examples of the implementations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-09-22 Peter Nyman

We present a classical protocol, using the matrix product state representation, to simulate cluster-state quantum computation at a cost polynomial in the number of qubits in the cluster and exponential in d -- the width of the cluster. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Nadav Yoran , Anthony J. Short

We identify "proper quantum computation" with computational processes that cannot be efficiently simulated on a classical computer. For optical quantum computation, we establish "no-go" theorems for classes of quantum optical experiments…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Barry C. Sanders

The key obstacle to the realization of a scalable quantum computer is overcoming environmental and control errors. Topological quantum computation has attracted great attention because it has emerged as one of the most promising approaches…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Deyuan Zou , Naiqiao Pan , Tian Chen , Houjun Sun , Xiangdong Zhang

Quantum computing has attracted much attention in recent decades, since it is believed to solve certain problems substantially faster than traditional computing methods. Theoretically, such an advance can be obtained by networks of the…

Optics · Physics 2022-12-21 Yifan Sun , Qian Li , Ling-Jun Kong , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

Enormous activity in the Quantum Computing area has resulted in considering them to solve different difficult problems, including those of applied nature, together with classical computers. An attempt is made in this work to nail down a…

It is becoming increasingly clear that, if a useful device for quantum computation will ever be built, it will be embodied by a classical computing machine with control over a truly quantum subsystem, this apparatus performing a mixture of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-11-07 S. Bettelli , L. Serafini , T. Calarco

Classical simulation is important because it sets a benchmark for quantum computer performance. Classical simulation is currently the only way to exercise larger numbers of qubits. To achieve larger simulations, sparse matrix processing is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 John Robert Burger

The emergence of quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. The ability of quantum computers to scale computations exponentially imply better…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Vlad Stirbu , Tommi Mikkonen

A quantum computer is a hypothetical device in which the laws of quantum mechanics are used to introduce a degree of parallelism into computations and which could therefore significantly improve on the computational speed of a classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Blythe , B. Varcoe

Fault-tolerant quantum computations require alternating quantum and classical computations, where the classical computations prove vital in detecting and correcting errors in the quantum computation. Recently, interest in using these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Niels M. P. Neumann

Quantum Phase Estimation is a crucial component of several front-running quantum algorithms. Improving the efficiency and accuracy of QPE is currently a very active field of research. In this work, we present a hybrid quantum-classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 S. M. Lim , C. E. Susa , R. Cohen

Scientific knowledge increasingly depends on complex computational processes where both hardware and software layers can influence research outcomes. As computational complexity grows, classical-quantum integration provides a lens for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Anna Vrtiak , Duuk Baten , Ariana Torres-Knoop

Quantum computers (QCs) must implement quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) to protect their logical qubits from errors, and modeling the effectiveness of QECCs on QCs is an important problem for evaluating the QC architecture. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Eric Chi , Stephen A. Lyon , Margaret Martonosi

Experiments with superconducting quantum processors have successfully demonstrated the basic functions needed for quantum computation and evidence of utility, albeit without a sizable array of error-corrected qubits. The realization of the…

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant quantum computation represent one of the most vital theoretical aspect of quantum information processing. It was well known from the early developments of this exciting field that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Simon J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro