Related papers: Low Q^2 Structure Functions including the Longitud…
It is well known that there are persistent statistical tensions with the standard model in the low Q2 HERA deep inelastic scattering neutral current data characterized by a turn-over of F2(x, Q2) at low x and low Q2. One important…
After fifteen years of running and a further five years of analysis, the final inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross sections from H1 and ZEUS have been published. Measurements of neutral current and charged current processes in ep…
A recently published soft Regge Dipole Pomeron model intended for all $x$ and $Q^2$ is proved to give a good agreement with (non fitted) recent HERA data from ZEUS (SVX95) on the protonstructure function $F_2^p(x,Q^2)$ at low $Q^2$ and low…
We present a set of formulas to extract the longitudinal structure function from the proton structure function and its derivatives with respect to lnQ2 in the next-to-next-to-leading order of the perturbative theory at low x based on a hard…
New QCD results obtained by the H1 Collaboration are summarized. These results are based on data taken in $e^{\pm}p$ collisions at HERA I (1994-2002) and HERA II (2003-2007) corresponding to an integrated luminosity of almost $\rm 0.5…
I review recent developments in the study of the low-x partonic content of protons and nuclei, with a focus on the latter, as one expects possible deviations from linear QCD evolution to be most pronounced in that case. I give examples of…
We present measurements of the structure function \Ft\ in $e^+p$ scattering at HERA in the range $3.5\;\Gevsq < \qsd < 5000\;\Gevsq$. A new reconstruction method has allowed a significant improvement in the resolution of the kinematic…
Recent HERA low $Q^2$ data show that the logarithmic slope of the protonstructure function ($\frac{\partial F_2}{\partial \ln Q^2}$) is significantly different from perturbative QCD expectations for smallvalues of $Q^2$ at exeedingly small…
Since its commissioning in 1991, the ep collider HERA has been running successfully for almost a decade without stopping improving its performance. In this report, the inclusive cross section and structure function measurements for the deep…
The results are presented of a study of the accuracy one may achieve at HERA in measuring the strong coupling constant $\alpha_s$ and the gluon distribution $xg(x,Q^{2})$ using future data of the structure function $F_{2}(x,Q^{2})$ which…
The proton structure function F2 has been measured in the range 0.045 GeV2 < Q2 < 0.65 GeV2 and 6*10**-7 < x < 1*10**-3 using 3.9 pb-1 of ep->eX reactions recorded with the ZEUS detector in 1997. The analysis is based on data from the Beam…
Recent experimental results contributing to the understanding of the structure of the nucleon are reviewed. They include the final NMC results on proton and deuteron structure functions; a re-analysis of the CCFR data on F2 and xF3; new…
We summarize recent developments in the understanding of nucleon structure. New data on F2, R and F2c, over a wide range of Q2 and x, are described. Conventional leading twist NLO perturbative QCD gives an excellent account of all the new…
The QCD expectations concerning the deep inelastic lepton - hadron scattering at low $x$ and their phenomenological implications for HERA are summarised. Theoretical predictions for the structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ based on the leading…
New data, especially HERA measurements of the proton structure function at small $x$, allow the opportunity to improve our knowledge of the gluon and quark distribution functions. We perform a global analysis which incorporates these new…
We review the predictions on angular correlations and their recent experimental tests at LEP and HERA. Power behaviour of correlation functions appear for large angles and reflect the underlying fractal structure in jet evolution.…
We critically review the QCD predictions for the cross sections sigma_L and sigma_T for diffractive rho meson electroproduction in longitudinally and transversely polarised states in the HERA energy region. We show that both perturbative…
Structure function data together with other measurements from fixed-target deep inelastic scattering and hadron-hadron collider experiments which contribute to our knowledge of the parton density functions are reviewed. The inclusive…
The ZEUS and H1 collaborations have made the first direct measurements of the longitudinal proton structure function, FL, which is strongly correlated to the gluon density in the proton. The ZEUS collaboration have also extracted the…
Recent progresses of the proton structure measurements and determination of parton distribution functions by $ep$ collisions at HERA are introduced.