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A novel theoretical model of dynamic instability of a system of linear (1D) microtubules (MTs) in a bounded domain is introduced for studying the role of a cell edge in vivo and analyzing the effect of competition for a limited amount of…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Gennady Margolin , Ivan V. Gregoretti , Holly V. Goodson , Mark S. Alber

Motor-driven cytoskeletal remodeling in cellular systems can often be accompanied by a diffusive-like effect at local scales, but distinguishing the contributions of the ordering process, such as active contraction of a network, from this…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Soichi Hirokawa , Heun Jin Lee , Rachel A Banks , Ana I Duarte , Bibi Najma , Matt Thomson , Rob Phillips

Inspired by patterns observed in mixtures of microtubules and molecular motors, we propose continuum equations for the evolution of motor density, and microtubule orientation. The chief ingredients are the transport of motors along tubules,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-15 Ha Youn Lee , Mehran Kardar

The cortical microtubule array of dark-grown hypocotyl cells of plant seedlings undergoes a striking, and developmentally significant, reorientation upon exposure to light. This process is driven by the exponential amplification of a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-05-27 Marco Saltini , Bela M. Mulder

We perform an analytical investigation of the cell interface dynamics in the framework of a minimal phase field model of cell motility suggested in [1], which consists of two coupled evolution equations for the order parameter and a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-10-04 Mohammad Abu Hamed , Alexander A. Nepomnyashchy

By using a phase-field crystal (PFC) model, the liquid-crystal growth of the plastic triangular phase is simulated with emphasis on crystal shape and topological defect formation. The equilibrium shape of a plastic triangular crystal (PTC)…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-08-07 Sai Tang , Simon Praetorius , Rainer Backofen , Axel Voigt , Yan-Mei Yu , Jincheng Wang

Microtubule asters - radial arrays of microtubules organized by centrosomes - play a fundamental role in the spatial coordination of animal cells. The standard model of aster growth assumes a fixed number of microtubules originating from…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2018-07-02 Keisuke Ishihara , Kirill S. Korolev , Timothy J. Mitchison

Faithful segregation of genetic material during cell division requires alignment of chromosomes between two spindle poles and attachment of their kinetochores to each of the poles. Failure of these complex dynamical processes leads to…

Biological Physics · Physics 2015-12-08 Zsolt Bertalan , Zoe Budrikis , Caterina A. M. La Porta , Stefano Zapperi

Cell colonies of bacteria, tumour cells and fungi, under nutrient limited growth conditions, exhibit complex branched growth patterns. In order to investigate this phenomenon we present a simple hybrid cellular automaton model of cell…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. Gerlee , A. R. A Anderson

Growing monolayers of rod-shaped bacteria exhibit local alignment similar to extensile active nematics. When confined in a channel or growing inward from a ring, the local nematic order of these monolayers changes to a global ordering with…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-04 Blake Langeslay , Gabriel Juarez

We investigate the dynamics of a colony of crawling, proliferating cells with a minimal, mechanical cell model. The cells consist of two disks, modelling the cell body and a pseudopod, connected by a finite extensible spring. The cells…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2019-04-11 Simon K. Schnyder , John J. Molina , Ryoichi Yamamoto

The dynamics of cellular pattern formation is crucial for understanding embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis. Recent studies have shown that human dermal fibroblasts cultured on liquid crystal elastomers can exhibit an increase in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-08-25 Mengyang Gu , Xinyi Fang , Yimin Luo

Cell membranes interact with a myriad of curvature-active proteins that control membrane morphology and are responsible for mechanosensation and mechanotransduction. Some of these proteins, such as those containing BAR domains, are curved…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-09-21 Caterina Tozzi , Nikhil Walani , Anabel-Lise Le Roux , Pere Roca-Cusachs , Marino Arroyo

We study the steady state of an assembly of microtubules in a confined volume, analogous to the situation inside a cell where the cell boundary forms a natural barrier to growth. We show that the dynamical equations for growing and…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2012-08-27 Bindu S. Govindan , William. B. Spillman,

The bipolar organization of the microtubule-based mitotic spindle is essential for the faithful segregation of chromosomes in cell division. Despite our extensive knowledge of genes and proteins, the physical mechanism of how the ensemble…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-11-02 Lucan Yan , Tatsuya Fukuyama , Megumi Yamaoka , Yusuke T. Maeda , Yuta Shimamoto

In vivo and in vitro systems of cells and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) systems are well known to form ordered patterns of orientationally aligned fibers. Here, we interpret them as active analogs of the (disordered) isotropic to the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-04-11 Haiqian Yang , Ming Guo , L. Mahadevan

A common type of cytoskeletal morphology involves multiple converging microbutubules with their minus ends collected and stabilized by a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in the interior of the cell. This arrangement enables the…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-04 Niranjan Sarpangala , Brooke Randell , Ajay Gopinathan , Oleg Kogan

In many growth processes particles are highly mobile in an active layer at the surface, but are relatively immobile once incorporated in the bulk. We study models in which atoms are allowed to interact, equilibrate, and order on the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 Mehran Kardar

The innumerable shapes of plant leaves present a challenge to the explanatory power of biophysical theory. A model is needed that can produce these shapes with a small set of parameters. This paper presents a simple model of leaf shape…

Tissues and Organs · Quantitative Biology 2010-04-27 David A. Young

Motivated by the formation of ring-like filament structures in the cortex of plant and animal cells, we study the dynamics of a two-dimensional layer of cytoskeletal filaments and motor proteins near a surface by a general continuum theory.…

Subcellular Processes · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-11 Alexander Zumdieck , Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino , Catalin Tanase , Karsten Kruse , Bela Mulder , Marileen Dogterom , Frank J"ulicher