Related papers: On A Quasi-local Mass

In relativity, the energy of a moving particle depends on the observer, and the rest mass is the minimal energy seen among all observers. The Wang-Yau quasi-local mass for a surface in spacetime introduced in [7] and [8] is defined by…

Whether energy is conserved in a universe which keeps expanding is an intriguing question. It is tempting to argue that the total energy within the universe would have to increase as the universe expands. Upon more detailed inspection the…

Quantum mechanics does not provide any ready recipe for defining energy density in space, since the energy and coordinate do not commute. To find a well-motivated energy density, we start from a possibly fundamental, relativistic…

We use planar coordinates as well as hyperbolic coordinates to separate the de Sitter spacetime into two parts. These two ways of cutting the de Sitter give rise to two different spatial infinities. For spacetimes which are asymptotic to…

Hawking's quasi-local energy definition quantifies the energy enclosed by a spacelike 2-sphere in terms of the amount of lightbending on the sphere caused by the energy distribution inside the sphere. This paper establishes for the first…

The quasilocal energy associated with a constant stationary time slice of the Kerr spacetime is presented. The calculations are based on a recent proposal \cite{by} in which quasilocal energy is derived from the Hamiltonian of spatially…

A quasi-local mass has been a long sought after quantity in general relativity. A recent candidate has been the Liu-Yau mass. One can show that the Liu-Yau mass of any two-surface is the maximum of the Brown-York energy for that…

The Brown-York quasi-local energy of a rotating black hole described by the Kerr metric and enclosed by a fixed-radius surface is calculated by direct computation. No special assumptions on the angular momentum or the radial coordinate in…

We briefly review of the definitions of the total energy, the total linear momentum and the angular momentum of gravitational field when the cosmological constant is zero. In particular, we show pseudo-tensor's definition of the energy and…

We define quasi-local conserved quantities in general relativity by using the optimal isometric embedding in [26] to transplant Killing fields in the Minkowski spacetime back to the 2-surface of interest in a physical spacetime. To each…

In this article, we consider the limit of quasi-local conserved quantities [31,9] at the infinity of an asymptotically hyperbolic initial data set in general relativity. These give notions of total energy-momentum, angular momentum, and…

We extend the quasilocal formalism of Brown and York to include electromagnetic and dilaton fields and also allow for spatial boundaries that are not orthogonal to the foliation of the spacetime. The extension allows us to study the…

A recent generalization of the Hawking-Hayward quasilocal energy to scalar-tensor gravity is adapted to general spherically symmetric geometries. It is then applied to several black hole and other spherical solutions of scalar-tensor and…

Spherically symmetric spacetimes admit the so-called Kodama vector, which provides a locally conserved current and a preferred time even for dynamical spacetime without any time translation symmetry. A charge associated with this conserved…

Using the Noether Charge formulation, we study a perturbation of the conserved gravitating system. By requiring the boundary term in the variation of the Hamiltonian to depend only on the symplectic structure, we propose a general…

We study the quasi-local masses arising in general relativity using spinors and prove their positivity property. This leads to the question of a pure quasi-local proof of the positivity of the Wang-Yau \cite{yau} quasi-local mass. More…

Recent advances in quantum thermodynamics have been focusing on ever more elementary systems of interest, approaching the limit of a single qubit, with correlations, strong coupling and non-equilibrium environments coming into play. Under…

This paper has two goals: to present some new results that are necessary for further study and applications of quasi-linear functionals, and, by combining known and new results, to serve as a convenient single source for anyone interested…

We present a detailed examination of the variational principle for metric general relativity as applied to a ``quasilocal'' spacetime region $\M$ (that is, a region that is both spatially and temporally bounded). Our analysis relies on the…

Momentum-dependent local ansatz (MLA) wavefunction approach to correlated electrons in solids has been extended to the quasiparticle excited states on the basis of the Fermi liquid picture. The quasiparticle energy is derived from the…