Related papers: There is no "Theory of Everything" inside E8
Divergence-free Lie algebras are originated from the Lie algebras of volume-preserving transformation groups. Xu constructed a certain nongraded generalization, which may not contain any toral Cartan subalgebra. In this paper, we give a…
The five exceptional simple Lie algebras over the complex number are included one within the other as $G_2 \subset F_4 \subset E_6 \subset E_7 \subset E_8$. The biggest one, $E_8$, is in many ways the most mysterious. This article surveys…
Quantum theory can be formulated as a theory of operations, more specific, of complex represented operations from real Lie groups. Hilbert space eigenvectors of acting Lie operations are used as states or particles. The simplest simple Lie…
We investigate symplectic nilpotent Lie groups with Lagrangian normal subgroups. We show that there exists a bijection between the isomorphism classes of nilpotent Lie groups with Lagrangian normal subgroups and the isomorphism classes of…
Every finite-dimensional representation of an algebraic group G gives a trace symmetric bilinear form on the Lie algebra of G. We give criteria in terms of root system data for the existence of a representation such that this form is…
In order to avoid the difficulties encountered by relativistic quantum theory of single particles, we pursue a deductive development of the theory from physical principles, without canonical quantization, by making use of group-theoretical…
In this review, the fundamental concepts of group theory and representation theory are introduced. Special emphasis is placed on the unitary irreducible representations of the $SU(N)$ Lie group, the Poincare group, Little Group, discrete…
There are many Lie groups used in physics, including the Lorentz group of special relativity, the spin groups (relativistic and non-relativistic) and the gauge groups of quantum electrodynamics and the weak and strong nuclear forces.…
We describe a class of unified theories of electromagnetism and gravity. The Lagrangian is of the BF type, with a potential for the B-field, the gauge group is U(2) (complexified). Given a choice of the potential function the theory is a…
We consider a theory with the gauge group $E_8$ assuming that the gauge symmetry breaking pattern is $E_8 \to E_7 \times U_1 \to E_6 \times U_1 \to SO_{10} \times U_1 \to SU_5 \times U_1 \to SU_3 \times SU_2 \times U_1$ and vacuum…
We formulate all the five dimensional gauged maximal supergravity theories as non-linear realisations of the semi-direct product of E_{11} and a set of generators which transform according to the first fundamental representation l of…
We give a geometrical description of gravitational theories from the viewpoint of symmetries and affine structure. We show how gravity, considered as a gauge theory, can be consistently achieved by the nonlinear realization of the…
We consider the embedding theory, the approach to gravity proposed by Regge and Teitelboim, in which 4D space-time is treated as a surface in high-dimensional flat ambient space. In its general form, which does not contain artificially…
In this paper, we develop a diamond graph theory and apply the theory to the (co)homology of the Lie algebra generated by positive systems of the classical semi-simple Lie algebras over the field of complex numbers. As an application, we…
In this note we point out that the definition of the universal enveloping dialgebra for a Leibniz algebra is consistent with the interpretation of a Leibniz algebra as a generalization not of a Lie algebra, but of the adjoint representation…
Using the notion of existentially closed structures, we obtain embedding theorems for groups and Lie algebras. We also prove the existence of some groups and Lie algebras with prescribed properties.
These notes give an elementary introduction to Lie groups, Lie algebras, and their representations. Designed to be accessible to graduate students in mathematics or physics, they have a minimum of prerequisites. Topics include definitions…
Linearity allows several versions of reality to simultaneously exist in the state vector. But it implies that there is no interaction between versions, and that there will never be perception of more than one version. It also implies, in…
The complexified gauging of the de Sitter group gives a unified theory for the electroweak and gravitational interactions. The standard spectrum for the electroweak gauge bosons is recovered with the correct mass assignments, following a…
The Standard Model of particle physics describes electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, which are three of the four known fundamental forces of nature. The unification of the fourth interaction, gravity, with the Standard Model has…