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The investigation of modifications to the FLRW cosmology resulting from the consideration of a general entropy for the cosmological apparent horizon is the subject of this study. Building upon the work of Nojiri and collaborators in 2022,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-26 A. Khodam-Mohammadi , M. Monshizadeh

It was shown by Tsallis and Cirto that thermodynamical entropy of a gravitational system such as black hole must be generalized to the non-additive entropy, which is given by $S_h=\gamma A^{\beta}$, where $A$ is the horizon area and $\beta$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-26 Ahmad Sheykhi

A possible source of black hole entropy could be the entanglement of quantum fields in and out the horizon. The entanglement entropy of the ground state obeys the area law. However, a correction term proportional to a fractional power of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-08-22 Ahmad Sheykhi , Seyed Hossein Hendi

We derive the modified Friedmann equation corresponding to the power-law corrected entropy-area relation $S_{\rm A}=\frac{A}{4}[1-K_{\alpha} A^{1-\frac{\alpha}{2}}]$ which is motivated by the entanglement of quantum fields in and out of the…

General Physics · Physics 2011-09-07 K. Karami , A. Abdolmaleki , N. Sahraei , S. Ghaffari

The paper deals with universal thermodynamics for FRW model of the universe bounded by apparent (or event) horizon. Assuming Hawking temperature on the horizon, the unified first law is examined on the horizon for different gravity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-05-17 Saugata Mitra , Subhajit Saha , Subenoy Chakraborty

Starting from the first law of thermodynamics, $dE=T_hdS_h+WdV$, at apparent horizon of a FRW universe, and assuming that the associated entropy with apparent horizon has a quantum corrected relation, $S=\frac{A}{4G}-\alpha \ln…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-02-09 Ahmad Sheykhi

Recently it has shown that Einstein's field equations can be rewritten into a form of the first law of thermodynamics both at event horizon of static spherically symmetric black holes and apparent horizon of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-10-27 M. Akbar , Rong-Gen Cai

The analysis of phase transitions in cosmological spacetimes shows that their existence requires a time-dependent apparent horizon radius, which in turn implies an equation of state different from that of a dark energy fluid. This condition…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-09 Carlos E. Romero-Figueroa , Hernando Quevedo

This work presents a universal and revisited formalism for the entropy of the apparent horizon in modified gravity to investigate the validity of the Generalized Second Law (GSL) of thermodynamics. This revisited horizon entropy is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-22 Soma Heydari , Parastoo Askari , Kayoomars Karami

Thermodynamics on the cosmological apparent horizon of a flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric has been investigated with Bekenstein entropy and Hawking temperature on the horizon, and Unruh temperature for the fluid inside the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-15 Subhajit Saha

In the paper, hep-th/0501055 (R.G. Cai and S.P. Kim, JHEP {\bf 0502}, 050 (2005)), it is shown that by applying the first law of thermodynamics to the apparent horizon of an FRW universe and assuming the geometric entropy given by a quarter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 M. Akbar , Rong-Gen Cai

In this paper, we compute the Hawking temperature by applying quantum tunneling approach for the Horndeski like black holes. We utilize the semi-classical phenomenon and WKB approximation to the Lagrangian field equation involving…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-06 Riasat Ali , Zunaira Akhtar , Rimsha Babar , G. Mustafa , Xia Tiecheng

By applying the unified first law of thermodynamics on the apparent horizon of FRW universe, we get the entropy relation for the apparent horizon in quasi-topological gravity theory. Throughout the paper, the results of considering the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-05-17 H. Moradpour , R. Dehghani

We analyze the thermodynamic properties of the apparent horizon of Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Roberson-Walker (FLRW) spacetimes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. We use the generalized definition of entropy for gravity theories in higher…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-10 Luis M. Sánchez , Hernando Quevedo

In this paper we revisit the topic of Hawking radiation as tunneling. We show that the imaginary part of the action of the tunneling particle should be reconstructed in a covariant way, as a line integral along the classical forbidden…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-27 Yi-Xin Chen , Kai-Nan Shao

In an accelerated expanding universe, one can expect the existence of an event horizon. It may be interesting to study the thermodynamics of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe at the event horizon. Considering the usual Hawking…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-11-06 A. S. Sefiedgar , M. Mirzazadeh

We apply the generalized second law of thermodynamics to discriminate among quantum corrections (whether logarithmic or power-law) to the entropy of the apparent horizon in spatially Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes. We use the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-21 Ninfa Radicella , Diego Pavón

In this paper, we investigate the thermodynamic aspects of quadratic gravity in a $D$-dimensional Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe. First, we derive the field equations and the effective energy-momentum tensor for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-17 Navid Safarzadeh Ilkhchi , Amin Rezaei Akbarieh , Yaghoub Heydarzade

Inspired by the Covid-$19$ virus structure, Barrow argued that quantum-gravitational effects may introduce intricate, fractal features on the black hole horizon [Phys. Lett. B {\bf808} (2020) 135643]. In this viewpoint, black hole entropy…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-09 Ahmad Sheykhi

The question that continues to hinge the interrelation between cosmology and thermodynamics is broadly described as -- what is the form of horizon entropy that links the Friedmann equations for a "$general$" gravity theory with the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-30 Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov , Tanmoy Paul , Soumitra SenGupta