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Quantum mechanics under the Copenhagen interpretation is one of the most experimentally well verified formalisms. However, it is known that the interpretation makes explicit reference to external observation or "measurement." One says that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-08-18 Elliott Tammaro

The Copenhagen interpretation is critically considered. A number of ambiguities, inconsistencies and confusions are discussed. It is argued that it is possible to purge the interpretation so as to obtain a consistent and reasonable way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. M. de Muynck

The quantum theory of measurement has been a matter of debate for over eighty years. Most of the discussion has focused on theoretical issues with the consequence that operational prescriptions, which are integral to experimental physics,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-09-04 Stephen Boughn , Marcel Reginatto

In this paper, I attempt a personal account of my understanding of the measurement problem in quantum mechanics, which has been largely in the tradition of the Copenhagen interpretation. I assume that (i) the quantum state is a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-07-21 Caslav Brukner

Duality, not monism, constitutes the hermeneutic lens that characterizes the original Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. Therefore, evoking the principles of correspondence and complementarity, in this work we re-assert a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-03 Vincenzo Chilla

In the well known Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum mechanics, advocated by N. Bohr, the physical objects and the experimental results can be described only in a macroscopic language, leaving any possible microscopic description as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 M. Baldo

A central feature in the Copenhagen interpretation is the use of classical concepts from the outset. Modern developments show, however, that the emergence of classical properties can be understood within the framework of quantum theory…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Claus Kiefer

A non-uniqueness result for the canonical structure in quantum theory shows that the classical part of the Copenhagen interpretation contains physically important information not contained in its quantum part. As a consequence, we cannot…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-02 I. Schmelzer

In this paper we give a reasonable explanation (not proof) to the Copenhagen interpretation of Quantum Mechanics from the view point of decoherence theory. Mathematical physicists with strong mission must prove {\bf the Copenhagen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Kazuyuki Fujii

First, this article considers the nature of quantum reality (the reality responsible for quantum phenomena) and the concept of realism (our ability to represent this reality) in quantum theory, in conjunction with the roles of locality,…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Arkady Plotnitsky , Andrei Khrennikov

The field of interpretation of quantum mechanics emerged in an attempt to solve the measurement problem. This turned on the perception that Niels Bohr avoided addressing the measurement problem by taking an instrumentalist view of quantum…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Govind Krishnan.

Positive and negative features of the Copenhagen interpretation are discussed. As positive features can be mentioned its pragmatism and its awareness of the crucial role of measurement. However, the main part of the contribution is devoted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Willem M. de Muynck

In the Copenhagen interpretation the Heisenberg uncertainty relation is interpreted as the mathematical expression of the concept of complementarity, quantifying the mutual disturbance necessarily taking place in a simultaneous or joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Willem M. de Muynck

This article surveys key conceptual and interpretational developments in quantum mechanics, tracing the theory from its foundational postulates to contemporary discussions of measurement, nonlocality, and the emergence of classicality.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Theodore McKeever , Ahsan Nazir

The aim of the article is to argue that the interpretations of quantum mechanics and of probability are much closer than usually thought. Indeed, a detailed analysis of the concept of probability (within the standard frequency theory of R.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-21 Louis Vervoort

We define a class of Copenhagenish interpretations encompassing modern interpretations that follow the Copenhagen spirit. These interpretations are characterized by four postulates: Observers Observe, Universality, Anti-$\psi$-ontology, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 David Schmid , Yìlè Yīng , Matthew Leifer

The Copenhagen interpretation has been remarkably successful but seems at odds with the underlying linearity of quantum mechanics. We show how it can emerge in a simple way from the underlying microscopic quantum world governed by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-19 Timothy J. Hollowood

After giving a panoramic view of the " text-book " interpretation of the new quantum mechanics, as a sequel to the old quantum theory, the conceptual basis of quantum theory since the Copenhagen Interpretation is reviewed in the context of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 A. N. Mitra

This paper presents the measurement problem from the point of view of the thermal interpretation of quantum physics introduced in Part II. The measurement of a Hermitian quantity $A$ is regarded as giving an uncertain value approximating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-25 Arnold Neumaier

Perhaps the most significant drawback, which the Copenhagen interpretation (still the most popular interpretation of quantum theory) suffers from, is the classical-quantum divide between the large classical systems that carry out…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-24 Arkady Bolotin
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