Related papers: On Anomaly Identification and the Counterfeit Coin…
In this paper we consider a scenario where there are several algorithms for solving a given problem. Each algorithm is associated with a probability of success and a cost, and there is also a penalty for failing to solve the problem. The…
One of the earliest cryptographic applications of quantum information was to create quantum digital cash that could not be counterfeited. In this paper, we describe a new type of quantum money: quantum coins, where all coins of the same…
Given a set of coins arranged in a line, we remove heads-up coins one at a time and flip any adjacent coins after each removal. The coin-removal problem is to determine for which arrangements of coins it is possible to remove all of the…
High quality, fully-programmable quantum processors are available with small numbers (<1000) of qubits, and the scientific potential of these near term machines is not well understood. If the small number of physical qubits precludes…
Quantum error correction in general is experimentally challenging as it requires significant expansion of the size of quantum circuits and accurate performance of quantum gates to fulfill the error threshold requirement. Here we propose a…
Finding a counterfeit coin with the different weight from a set of visually identical coin using a balance, usually a two-armed balance, known as the balance question, is an intersting and inspiring question. Its variants involve…
ApSimon considered the problem of deciding by a process of two weighings on which of a known number of mints emit either coins of a known genuine weight or emit coins of a different secondary but unknown weight. The combinatorial problem…
We discuss games involving a counterfeit coin. Given one counterfeit coin among a number of otherwise identical coins, two players with full knowledge of the fake coin take turns weighing coins on a two-pan scale, under the condition that…
The accurate identification of faulty hardware is a fundamental requirement for reliable quantum information processing. We address this problem in a quantum setting, where a series of $n$ devices is intended to apply the same unitary…
This paper analyzes a necessary and sufficient condition for the change-making problem to be solvable with a greedy algorithm. The change-making problem is to minimize the number of coins used to pay a given value in a specified currency…
Automatic authentication of paper money has been targeted. Indian bank notes are taken as reference to show how a system can be developed for discriminating fake notes from genuine ones. Image processing and pattern recognition techniques…
Since the inception of Bitcoin in 2009, the market of cryptocurrencies has grown beyond initial expectations as daily trades exceed $10 billion. As industries become automated, the need for an automated fraud detector becomes very apparent.…
We develop quantum protocols for anomaly detection and apply them to the task of credit card fraud detection (FD). First, we establish classical benchmarks based on supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods, where average…
Anomaly detection is the process of identifying abnormal instances or events in data sets which deviate from the norm significantly. In this study, we propose a signatures based machine learning algorithm to detect rare or unexpected items…
Anomaly detection is a crucial task in machine learning that involves identifying unusual patterns or events in data. It has numerous applications in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and cybersecurity. With the advent of quantum…
Anomaly detection is used for identifying data that deviate from `normal' data patterns. Its usage on classical data finds diverse applications in many important areas like fraud detection, medical diagnoses, data cleaning and surveillance.…
The popularity and amazing attractiveness of cryptocurrencies, and especially Bitcoin, absorb countless enthusiasts daily. Although Blockchain technology prevents fraudulent behavior, it cannot detect fraud on its own. There are always…
In this paper we investigate the problem of sorting a set of $n$ coins, each with distinct but unknown weights, using an unusual scale. The classical version of this problem, which has been well-studied, gives the user a binary scale,…
In this paper, we discuss coin-weighing problems that use a 5-way scale which has five different possible outcomes: MUCH LESS, LESS, EQUAL, MORE, and MUCH MORE. The 5-way scale provides more information than the regular 3-way scale. We…
Every year, criminals launder billions of dollars acquired from serious felonies (e.g., terrorism, drug smuggling, or human trafficking) harming countless people and economies. Cryptocurrencies, in particular, have developed as a haven for…