Related papers: Quantitative Calculations of Decrease of Entropy i…
The reversibility and recurrence paradoxes are key issues that have been left unsolved in researches on the foundation of thermodynamics since the 19th century. This article shows that (1) the reversibility paradox can be overcome if we pay…
The underlying connection between the degrees of freedom of a system and its nonextensive thermodynamic behavior is addressed. The problem is handled by starting from a thermodynamical system with fractal structure and its analytical…
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the entropy of a closed system is non-decreasing. Discussing the Second Law in the quantum world poses new challenges and provides new opportunities, involving fundamental…
The entanglement entropy of a subsystem of a quantum system is expressed, in the replica approach, through analytic continuation with respect to n of the trace of the n-th power of the reduced density matrix. This trace can be thought of as…
The physical foundations of a variety of emerging technologies --- ranging from the applications of quantum entanglement in quantum information to the applications of nonequilibrium bulk and interface phenomena in microfluidics, biology,…
The mixing of two different gases is one of the most common natural phenomena, with applications ranging from CO$_2$ capture to water purification. Traditionally, mixing is analyzed in the context of local thermal equilibrium, where systems…
Thermodynamic principles governing energy and information are important tools for a deeper understanding and better control of quantum systems. In this work, we experimentally investigate the interplay of the thermodynamic costs and…
Consider a state of a system with several subsystems. The entropies of the reduced state on different subsystems obey certain inequalities, provided there is an equivalence relation, and a function measuring volumes or weights of…
We explore the relation between entanglement entropy of quantum many body systems and the distribution of corresponding, properly selected, observables. Such a relation is necessary to actually measure the entanglement entropy. We show that…
We study the hydrodynamic description of collective dynamics driven by velocity {\it alignment}. It is known that such Euler alignment systems must flock towards a limiting ``flocking'' velocity, provided their solutions remain globally…
We study entanglement entropies between the single-particle states of the hole space and its complement in nuclear systems. Analytical results based on the coupled-cluster method show that entanglement entropies are proportional to the…
We study the transition probabilities of a two-point measurement on a quantum system, initially prepared in a thermal state. We find two independent constraints on the difference between transition probabilities when the system is prepared…
In the scientific and engineering literature, the second law of thermodynamics is expressed in terms of the behavior of entropy in reversible and irreversible processes. According to the prevailing statistical mechanics interpretation the…
We develop information-theoretic measures of spatial structure and pattern in more than one dimension. As is well known, the entropy density of a two-dimensional configuration can be efficiently and accurately estimated via a converging…
The microscopic derivation of the second law for macroscopic system is given under the phenomenological assumption that both the initial and final states are described by mutually different canonical ensembles. In particular, it is also…
We calculate the net change in generalized entropy occurring when one carries out the gedanken experiment in which a box initially containing energy $E$, entropy $S$ and charge $Q$ is lowered adiabatically toward a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m…
We consider nonequilibrium (NEQ) states such as supercooled liquids and glasses that are described with use of internal variables. We classify the latter by state-dependent hierarchy of relaxation times to assess their relevance for…
Entropy can signify different things: For instance, heat transfer in thermodynamics or a measure of information in data analysis. Many entropies have been introduced and it can be difficult to ascertain their different importance and…
We use a simple hard-core gas model to study the dynamics of small exploding systems. The system is initially prepared in a thermalized state in a spherical container and then allowed to expand freely into the vacuum. We follow the…
It is often incorrectly assumed that the number of microstates \Omega (E,V,N,...) available to an isolated system can have arbitrary dependence on the extensive variables E,V,N, .... However, this is not the case for natural systems which…