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In this paper a new theory of Dark Matter is proposed. Experimental analysis of several Galaxies show how the non-gravitational contribution to galactic Velocity Rotation Curves can be interpreted as that due to the Cosmological Constant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. V. Kraniotis , S. B. Whitehouse

We propose that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle may come from the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity, where the impact of the trace anomaly is of upmost relevance. We proceed by introducing two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-08-12 Evan C. Thomas , Federico R. Urban , Ariel R. Zhitnitsky

One hope to solve the cosmological constant problem is to identify a symmetry principle, based on which the cosmological constant can be reduced either to zero, or to a tiny value. Here, we note that requiring that the vacuum state is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-06-01 Jurjen F. Koksma , Tomislav Prokopec

A universe started in almost de Sitter phase with time varying holographic dark energy corresponding to a time varying cosmological term is considered. The time varying cosmological dark energy and the created matter are consistent with the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-08 Titus K. Mathew

Recently, the observed equation of state for dark energy appears to favor values below $-1$. The tendency implies that the nature of dark energy may be quite different from that of the cosmological constant. In view of the adjustment on the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Yu-Ping Teng , Wolung Lee , Kin-Wang Ng

We provide a simple analytical solution of the Friedmann equations for a universe made of stiff matter, dust matter, and dark energy. A stiff matter era is present in the cosmological model of Zel'dovich (1972) where the primordial universe…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-02 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

We argue that, when a theory of gravity and matter is endowed with (classical) conformal symmetry, the fine tuning required to obtain the cosmological constant at its observed value can be significantly reduced. Once tuned, the cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-23 Stefano Lucat , Tomislav Prokopec , Bogumila Swiezewska

New, large, ground and space telescopes are contributing to an exciting and rapid period of growth in observational cosmology. The subject is now far from its earlier days of being data-starved and unconstrained, and new data are fueling a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Wendy L. Freedman

The idea that the cosmological term, Lambda, should be a time dependent quantity in cosmology is a most natural one. It is difficult to conceive an expanding universe with a strictly constant vacuum energy density, namely one that has…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-18 Joan Sola

In this paper, time variable cosmological constant, dubbed {\it age cosmological constant}, is investigated motivated by the fact: any cosmological length scale and time scale can introduce a cosmological constant or vacuum energy density…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-06-28 Lixin Xu , Jianbo Lu , Wenbo Li

Old and new puzzles of cosmology are reexamined from the point of view of quantum theory of the universe developed here. It is shown that in proposed approach the difficulties of the standard cosmology do not arise. The theory predicts the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-13 V. E. Kuzmichev , V. V. Kuzmichev

We propose that cosmological time is {\it effectively} the conjugate of the constants of nature. Different definitions of time arise, with the most relevant related to the constant controlling the dynamics in each epoch. The Hamiltonian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-30 Joao Magueijo

We consider a two-dimensional model of gravity with the cosmological constant as a dynamical variable. The effective cosmological constant is derived when the universe has no initial boundary. It turns out to be extremely small if the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 Izawa K. -I

The cosmological constant problem is the principal obstacle in the attempt to interpret dark energy as the quantum vacuum energy. We suggest that the obstacle can be removed, i.e. that the cosmological constant problem can be resolved by…

General Physics · Physics 2012-01-24 Dragan Slavkov Hajdukovic

Flat cosmological models with a cosmological constant on the order of the Einstein-de Sitter critical density are enigmatic in the sense that there does not appear to be any natural explanation for why there should be a cosmological…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 George Chapline

This paper deals with the cancellation mechanism, which identifies the energy density of space-time expansion in an empty universe with the zero-point energy density and avoids the scale discrepancy with the observed energy density…

General Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Christian Henke

KKLT give a mechanism to generate de Sitter vacua in string theory. And recently, the scenario, {\em landscape}, is suggested to explain the problem of the cosmological constant. In this scenario, the cosmological constant is a de Sitter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-07-06 C. Y. Sun , D. H. Zhang

The cosmological constant problem represents an evident tension between our present description of gravity and particle physics. Many solutions have been proposed, but experimental tests are always difficult or impossible to perform and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-11-18 Cosimo Bambi

We demonstrate that as we extrapolate the current $\Lambda$CDM universe forward in time, all evidence of the Hubble expansion will disappear, so that observers in our "island universe" will be fundamentally incapable of determining the true…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Lawrence M. Krauss , Robert J. Scherrer

Observers in de Sitter space can only access the space up to their cosmological horizon. Assuming thermal equilibrium, we use the quantum Ryu-Takayanagi or island formula to compute the entanglement entropy between the states inside the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-28 Watse Sybesma