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Vector calculus in three-dimensional space is ubiquitous in applications of mathematics in physics and engineering. Its two-dimensional version is, however, quite rare. Here we try to provide a pedagogical account of the subject. It is…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2022-01-17 Marián Fecko

We study the arithmetic (geometric) progressions in the $x$-coordinates of quadratic points on smooth projective planar curves defined over a number field $k$. Unless the curve is hyperelliptic, we prove that these progressions must be…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-07 Eslam Badr , Mohammad Sadek

We construct pairs of elliptic curves over number fields with large intersection of projective torsion points.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-29 Fedor Bogomolov , Hang Fu

A quadratic invariant is defined as a quadratic form in the elements of a tensor that remains invariant under a group of coordinate transformations. It is proved that there are 7 quadratic invariants of the 21-element elastic modulus tensor…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-08-22 Andrew N. Norris

Realizations of four dimensional Lie algebras as vector fields in the plane are explicitly constructed. Fourth order ordinary differential equations which admit such Lie symmetry algebras are derived. The route to their integration is…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2015-06-26 T. Cerquetelli , N. Ciccoli , M. C. Nucci

We describe derivations of the Clifford algebra of a nondegenerate quadratic form on a countable dimensional vector space over an algebraically closed field of characteristic not equal to $2$. We also construct an algebraic automorphism of…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2024-08-15 Oksana Bezushchak

Motivated by some recent developments in abstract theories of quadratic forms, we start to develop in this work an expansion of Linear Algebra to multivalued structures (a multialgebraic structure is essentially an algebraic structure but…

In this note we present examples of complex algebraic surfaces with canonical maps of degree $12$, $13$, $15$, $16$ and $18$. They are constructed as quotients of a product of two curves of genus $10$ and $19$ using certain non-free actions…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Federico Fallucca

In this diploma thesis vector field is constructed on $R \times S^3$. The free lagrangian on the curved space is invariant under conformal transformations of the dynamical field $A_m(x)$. The gauge fixing term is not conformally invariant,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Zurab Ratiani

We develop an essentially algebraic method to study biharmonic curves into an implicit surface. Although our method is rather general, it is especially suitable to study curves into surfaces defined by a polynomial equation: in particular,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-09-04 S. Montaldo , A. Ratto

In many relevant cases -- e.g., in hamiltonian dynamics -- a given vector field can be characterized by means of a variational principle based on a one-form. We discuss how a vector field on a manifold can also be characterized in a similar…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 G. Gaeta , P. Morando

In this work, under a mild assumption, we give the classification of the complete polynomial vector fields in two variables up to algebraic automorphisms of $\C^2$. The general problem is also reduced to the study of the combinatorics of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Julio C. Rebelo

A number field $k$ admits a binary integral quadratic form which represents all integers locally but not globally if and only if the class number of $k$ is bigger than one. In this case, there are only finitely many classes of such binary…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-11-02 Fei Xu , Yang Zhang

In this paper we derive an upper bound for the degree of the strict invariant algebraic curve of a polynomial system in the complex project plane under generic condition. The results are obtained through the algebraic multiplicities of the…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-09-29 Jinzhi Lei , Lijun Yang

Let $\mathbb{F}$ be a field of characteristic different from $2$ and $3$, and let $V$ be a vector space of dimension $2$ over $\mathbb{F}$. The generic classification of homogeneous quadratic maps $f\colon V\to V$ under the action of the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-27 R. Durán Díaz , L. Hernández Encinas , J. Muñoz Masqué

Differential $p$-forms and $q$-vector fields with constant coefficients are studied. Differential $p$-forms of degrees $p=1,2,n-1,n$ with constant coefficients on a smooth $n$-dimensional manifold $M$ are characterized. In the contravariant…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2024-12-23 Jaime Muñoz Masqué , Luis Miguel Pozo Coronado , María Eugenia Rosado María

We define a topological invariant of complex projective plane curves. As an application, we present new examples of arithmetic Zariski pairs.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ichiro Shimada

We describe all possible topological structures of codimension one gradient vector fields on the shpere with at most ten singular points. To describe structures, we use a graph whose edges are one-dimensional stable manifolds. The…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Svitlana Bilun , Bohdana Hladysh , Alexandr Prishlyak , Vladislav Sinitsyn

We apply classical invariant theory of binary forms to explicitly characterize isomorphism classes of hyperelliptic curves of small genus and, conversely, propose algorithms for reconstructing hyperelliptic models from given invariants. We…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-11-18 Reynald Lercier , Christophe Ritzenthaler

We show how for every integer n one can explicitly construct n distinct plane quartics and one hyperelliptic curve over the complex numbers all of whose Jacobians are isomorphic to one another as abelian varieties without polarization. When…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Everett W. Howe