Related papers: Nonstandard Digraphs
This is a revision of the paper archived previously on August 22, 2002. It corrects a mistake in Sec. 8 concerning eccentricities of graphs. From any given sequence of finite or infinite graphs, a nonstandard graph is constructed. The…
From any given sequence of finite or infinite graphs, a nonstandard graph is constructed. The procedure is similar to an ultrapower construction of an internal set from a sequence of subsets of the real line, but now the individual entities…
Nonstandard digraphs and transfinite digraphs have been defined and examined in two prior technical reports. The present work examines digraphs that are both nonstandard and transfinite. This requires a combination in certain ways of the…
The galaxies of nonstandard enlargements of conventionally infinite as well as of transfinite graphs are defined, analyzed, and illustrated by some examples. It is then shown that any such enlargement either has exactly one galaxy, its…
The study of hypergraphs has received a lot of attention over the past few years, however up until recently there has been no interest in systems where higher order interactions are not undirected. In this article we introduce the notion of…
We study types that appear in ultraproducts that have distributions which can be thought of as a sequence of graphs. The property of having distributions that are captured by graphs is motivated by a commonality of $\mathrm{SOP}_2$-types…
We present Nonstandard Analysis by three axioms: the {\em Extension, Transfer and Saturation Principles} in the framework of the superstructure of a given infinite set. We also present several applications of this axiomatic approach to…
A mixed graph can be seen as a type of digraph containing some edges (two opposite arcs). Here we introduce the concept of sequence mixed graphs, which is a generalization of both sequence graphs and iterated line digraphs. These structures…
This report is an improvement of a prior report (Report 813). It sharpens the principal theorems (Theorems 4.2 and 11.2 of Report 813) while simplifying their proofs. There are also several minor changes involving clarifications and…
We study the integral and measure theory of the ultraproduct of finite sets. As a main application we construct limit objects for hypergraph sequences. We give a new proof for the Hypergraph Removal Lemma and the Hypergraph Regularity…
Transfinite graphs have been defined and examined in a variety of prior works, but transfinite digraphs had not as yet been investigated. The present work embarks upon such a task. As with the ordinals, transfinite digraphs appear in a…
A directed hypergraph (dihypergraph) consists of a set of vertices and a set of hyperarcs, where each hyperarc is partitioned into a head and a tail. Directed hypergraphs are useful in many applications, including the study of chemical…
In a series of three papers we develop an end space theory for directed graphs. As for undirected graphs, the ends of a digraph are points at infinity to which its rays converge. Unlike for undirected graphs, some ends are joined by limit…
For real application and theoretical investigation of ordinary hypergraphs and non-ordinary hypergraphs, researchers need to establish standard rules and feasible operating methods. We propose a visualization tool for investigating…
In a prior work, the galaxies of the nonstandard enlargements of conventionally infinite graphs and also of transfinite graphs of the first rank of transfiniteness were defined, examined, and illustrated by some examples. In this work it is…
Hypergraph representations are both more efficient and better suited to describe data characterized by relations between two or more objects. In this work, we present a new graph neural network based on message passing capable of processing…
Hypergraphs are a common model for multiway relationships in data, and hypergraph semi-supervised learning is the problem of assigning labels to all nodes in a hypergraph, given labels on just a few nodes. Diffusions and label spreading are…
Most statistical models for networks focus on pairwise interactions between nodes. However, many real-world networks involve higher-order interactions among multiple nodes, such as co-authors collaborating on a paper. Hypergraphs provide a…
In Chapter 8 of the Book, ``Graphs and Networks: Transfinite and Nonstandard'' (published by Birkhauser-Boston in 2004), nonstandard versions of transfinite graphs and of electrical networks having such graphs were defined and examined but…
Here, we define a subdivision operation for a hypergraph and compute all the eigenvalues of the subdivision of regular and certain non-regular hypergraphs. In non-regular hypergraphs, we investigate the power of regular graphs, various…