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A decentralized online quantum cash system, called qBitcoin, is given. We design the system which has great benefits of quantization in the following sense. Firstly, quantum teleportation technology is used for coin transaction, which…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-22 Kazuki Ikeda

Bit commitment involves the submission of evidence from one party to another so that the evidence can be used to confirm a later revealed bit value by the first party, while the second party cannot determine the bit value from the evidence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Horace P. Yuen

The full-information model was introduced by Ben-Or and Linial in 1985 to study collective coin-flipping: the problem of generating a common bounded-bias bit in a network of $n$ players with $t=t(n)$ faults. They showed that the majority…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-05-06 Shafi Goldwasser , Yael Tauman Kalai , Sunoo Park

Motivated by the applications of secure multiparty computation as a privacy-protecting data analysis tool, and identifying oblivious transfer as one of its main practical enablers, we propose a practical realization of randomized quantum…

We establish quantum uncloneable encryption with unconditional security, preventing two non-communicating adversaries from simultaneously decrypting a single ciphertext $-$ even when both are given the key. Our construction achieves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Archishna Bhattacharyya , Anne Broadbent , Eric Culf

We propose an efficient quantum protocol performing quantum bit commitment, which is a simple cryptographic primitive involved with two parties, called a committer and a verifier. Our protocol is non-interactive, uses no supplemental shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-03 Tomoyuki Yamakami

A digital currency is money in a digital form. In this model, maintaining integrity of the supply is a core concern, therefore protections against double-spending are often at the heart of a secure digital money scheme. Quantum money…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Anne Broadbent , Raza Ali Kazmi , Cyrus Minwalla

Unknown quantum information cannot be perfectly copied (cloned). This statement is the bedrock of quantum technologies and quantum cryptography, including the seminal scheme of Wiesner's quantum money, which was the first…

While classical money can be copied, it is impossible to copy quantum money in principle, with only the bank that issues it knowing how to generate it, meaning only the bank can make exact copies. Not all reliable banks, such as central…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Yuichi Sano

Quantum cryptography exploits principles of quantum physics for the secure processing of information. A prominent example is secure communication, i.e., the task of transmitting confidential messages from one location to another. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-13 Christopher Portmann , Renato Renner

Quantum gambling --- a secure remote two-party protocol which has no classical counterpart --- is demonstrated through optical approach. A photon is prepared by Alice in a superposition state of two potential paths. Then one path leads to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Yong-Sheng Zhang , Chuan-Feng Li , Wan-Li Li , Yun-Feng Huang , Guang-Can Guo

Secret sharing and multiparty computation (also called "secure function evaluation") are fundamental primitives in modern cryptography, allowing a group of mutually distrustful players to perform correct, distributed computations under the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Michael Ben-Or , Claude Crépeau , Daniel Gottesman , Avinatan Hassidim , Adam Smith

We show that the existence of a coin-flipping protocol safe against \emph{any} non-trivial constant bias (\eg $.499$) implies the existence of one-way functions. This improves upon a recent result of Haitner and Omri [FOCS '11], who proved…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-05 Itay Berman , Iftach Haitner , Aris Tentes

A circular quantum secret sharing protocol is proposed, which is useful and efficient when one of the parties of secret sharing is remote to the others who are in adjacent, especially the parties are more than three. We describe the process…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-27 Fu-Guo Deng , Hong-Yu Zhou andGui Lu Long

Quantum Internet signifies a remarkable advancement in communication technology, harnessing the principles of quantum entanglement and superposition to facilitate unparalleled levels of security and efficient computations. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

In a multi-party fair coin-flipping protocol, the parties output a common (close to) unbiased bit, even when some adversarial parties try to bias the output. In this work we focus on the case of an arbitrary number of corrupted parties.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Niv Buchbinder , Iftach Haitner , Nissan Levi , Eliad Tsfadia

This paper presents a hybrid cryptographic protocol, using quantum and classical resources, to generate a key for authentication and optionally for encryption in a network. One or more trusted servers distribute streams of entangled photons…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Richard Kuhn

Quantum key-distribution protocols allow two honest distant parties to establish a common truly random secret key in the presence of powerful adversaries, provided that the two users share beforehand a short secret key. This pre-shared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Georgios M. Nikolopoulos , Marc Fischlin

Let $q \in (0,1)$ and $\delta \in (0,1)$ be real numbers, and let $C$ be a coin that comes up heads with an unknown probability $p$, such that $p \neq q$. We present an algorithm that, on input $C$, $q$, and $\delta$, decides, with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Luís Fernando Schultz Xavier da Silveira , Michiel Smid

In a distributed coin-flipping protocol, Blum [ACM Transactions on Computer Systems '83], the parties try to output a common (close to) uniform bit, even when some adversarially chosen parties try to bias the common output. In an adaptively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Iftach Haitner , Yonatan Karidi-Heller