Related papers: Collective Phenomena in Heavy Ion Collisions
Two of the most interesting experimental results of heavy-ion reactions at RHIC collider energies are in the hard scattering sector where central Au+Au data show a very different behaviour compared to p+p and peripheral Au+Au collisions.…
By measuring hadronic single-particle spectra and two-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions, the size and dynamical state of the collision fireball at freeze-out can be reconstructed. I discuss the relevant theoretical methods and…
The current status of various thermal and statistical descriptions of particle production in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions experiments is presented in detail. We discuss the formulation of various types of thermal models of a…
We develop a complete and consistent description for the hadron spectra from heavy ion collisions in terms of a few collective variables, in particular temperature, longitudinal and transverse flow. To achieve a meaningful comparison with…
Data on high energy nuclear collisions collected at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider over the past decade have provided convincing evidence that hadronization is quite different in hot nuclear environments compared to p+p collisions. In…
Recent beam energy scan (BES) experiments at RHIC by the STAR Collaboration (PLB {\bf 827},137003 (2022) and PRL {\bf 128}, 202303 (2022)) found that hadronic interactions dominate the collective flow and the proton cumulant ratios are…
Heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Large Hadron Collider at CERN probe matter at extreme conditions of temperature and energy density. Most of the global properties of the…
Collective flow as a consequence of hydrodynamical evolution in heavy ion collisions is intensively studied by theorists and experimentalists to understand the behavior of hot quark matter. Due to their large mass, heavy ions suffer…
High-energy nuclear collisions exhibit collective flow, which emerges as a dynamical response of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) to the initial state geometry of the collision. Collective flow in heavy-ion collisions is usually described…
The question whether mean field effects exist in heavy-ion collisions at AGS energies is studied in the framework of A Relativistic Transport (ART) model. It is found that in central collisions of Au+Au at $P_{beam}/A=$11.6 GeV/c a simple,…
The cumulants of baryon multiplicity distribution in relativistic heavy-ion collisions (HICs) have attracted considerable attention recently. It has been conjectured that they may serve as a promising observable to detect the critical end…
The thermodynamic properties of matter created in high-energy heavy-ion collisions have been studied in the framework of the non-extensive Tsallis statistics. The transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$)~spectra of identified charged particles…
The BRAHMS collaboration has measured transverse momentum spectra of pions, kaons, protons and antiprotons at rapidities 0 and 3 for Cu+Cu collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV. As the collisions become more central the collective radial…
Initial geometrical distribution and fluctuation can affect the collective expansion in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This effect may be more evident in small system (such as B + B) than in large one (Pb + Pb). This work presents the…
We discuss the interplay between collective flow and density profiles, describing light cluster production in heavy ion collisions at very high energies. Calculations are performed within the coalescence model. We show how collective flow…
The higher order moments of the net-baryon distributions in relativistic heavy ion collisions are useful probes for the QCD critical point and fluctuations. Within a simple model we study the colliding energy and centrality dependence of…
The status of flow in heavy-ion collisions and of inference of hadronic-matter properties is reviewed.
I review recent applications of two-particle intensity interferometry in high energy physics, concentrating on relativistic heavy ion collisions. By measuring hadronic single-particle spectra and two-particle correlations in hadron-hadron…
We make a systematic study of transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of hadrons produced in $p+p$ and in different centralities of Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s}=200$\,GeV using phenomenological fit functions. The Tsallis distribution gives a…
The recently discovered sharp peak in the K+/pi+ ratio in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is discussed in the framework of the thermal model. In this model a rapid change is expected as the hadronic gas undergoes a transition from a…