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A physical theory of experiments carried out in a space-time region can accommodate a detector localized in another space-like separated region, in three, not necessarily exclusive, ways: 1) the detector formally collapses physical states…
According to the theory of relativity and causality, a special type of correlation beyond quantum mechanics is possible in principle under the name of {\it non-local box}. The concept has been introduced from the principle of non-locality…
The problems causality and causality violation in topologically nontrivial space-time models are considered. To this end the mixed boundary problem for traversable wormhole models is formulated and the influence of the boundary conditions…
We have defined almost separable space. We show that like separability, almost separability is $c$ productive and converse also true under some restrictions. We establish a Baire Category theorem like result in Hausdorff, Pseudocompacts…
Causal set theory is perhaps the most minimalistic approach to quantum gravity, in the sense that it makes next to zero assumptions about the structure of spacetime below the Planck scale. Yet even with this minimalism, the continuum limit…
A new construction to associate an internal category to an enriched one is presented. The key concept is that of extensive ambient category, and the construction follows the one that associates a category whose idempotents split to a given…
This paper presents an brief review of some recent work on the causal set approach to quantum gravity. Causal sets are a discretisation of spacetime that allow the symmetries of GR to be preserved in the continuum approximation. One…
The presence of latent variables can greatly complicate inferences about causal relations between measured variables from statistical data. In many cases, the presence of latent variables makes it impossible to determine for two measured…
The study of causal relations has recently been applied to the quantum realm, leading to the discovery that not all physical processes have a definite causal structure. While indefinite causal processes have previously been experimentally…
Suppose we assume that (a) information about a black hole is encoded in its Hawking radiation and (b) causality is not violated to leading order in gently curved spacetime. Then we argue that spacetime cannot just be described as a manifold…
Morse spacetime is a model of singular Lorentzian manifold, built upon a Morse function which serves as a global time function outside its critical points. The Borde-Sorkin conjecture states that a Morse spacetime is causally continuous if…
Within the causal set approach to quantum gravity, a discrete analog of a spacelike region is a set of unrelated elements, or an antichain. In the continuum approximation of the theory, a moment-of-time hypersurface is well represented by…
Our common understanding of the physical world deeply relies on the notion that events are ordered with respect to some time parameter, with past events serving as causes for future ones. Nonetheless, it was recently found that it is…
It is shown that the theory of causal fermion systems gives rise to a novel mechanism of baryogenesis. This mechanism is worked out computationally in globally hyperbolic spacetimes in a way which enables the quantitative study in concrete…
Recent work shows that causal facts can be effectively extracted from LLMs through prompting, facilitating the creation of causal graphs for causal inference tasks. However, it is unclear if this success is limited to explicitly-mentioned…
We study the causal structure of a class of weakly nonlocal gravitational theories (eventually coupled to matter) that are compatible with perturbative unitarity and finiteness at quantum level. In particular, we show that in nonlocal…
We show that the random adjacency matrices induced by the chronological relations and i.i.d. samples of two spacetimes coincide in law if and only if the spacetimes in question are smoothly isometric. A similar result holds for weighted…
A list of all possible causal relations in the $2$-dimensional Minkowski space $M$ is exhausted, based on the duality between timelike and spacelike in this particular case, and thirty topologies are introduced, all of them encapsulating…
From ancient philosophers to modern economists, biologists, and other researchers, there has been a continuous effort to unveil causal relations. The most formidable challenge lies in deducing the nature of the causal relationship: whether…
In a temporal network causal paths are characterized by the fact that links from a source to a target must respect the chronological order. In this article we study the causal paths structure in temporal networks of human face to face…