Related papers: Principle of development
We attempt to provide a comprehensive model of evolution of science across millennia taking into account the contributions of other intellectual traditions, cultural value system and increasing in sophistication of humans in their study of…
Engineering needs mathematics, but the converse is also increasingly evident. Indeed, mathematics is still recovering from the drawbacks of several "reforms". Encouraging is the revived interest in proofs indicated by various recent…
The Price equation describes the change in populations. Change concerns some value, such as biological fitness, information or physical work. The Price equation reveals universal aspects for the nature of change, independently of the…
In this paper, we present a comprehensive system for the treatment of the topic of limits--conceptually, computationally, and formally. The system addresses fundamental linguistic flaws in the standard presentation of limits, which attempts…
The data science revolution has led to an increased interest in the practice of data analysis. While much has been written about statistical thinking, a complementary form of thinking that appears in the practice of data analysis is design…
It is well-known that biological phenomena are emergent. Emergent phenomena are quite interesting and amazing. However, they are difficult to be understood. Due to this difficulty, we propose a theory to describe emergence based on a…
We present the model theoretic concepts that allow mathematics to be developed with the notion of the potential infinite instead of the actual infinite. The potential infinite is understood as a dynamic notion, being an indefinitely…
Context. Innovation is promoted in companies to help them stay competitive. Four types of innovation are defined: product, process, business, and organizational. Objective. We want to understand the perception of the innovation concept in…
This paper proposes a new definition of science based on the distinction between the activity of scientists and the product of that activity: the former is denoted (lower-case) science and the latter (upper-case) Science. These definitions…
Einstein's Equivalence Principle is used with the electromagnetic spectrum to translate meters and seconds into radians and seconds. Based on a unique geometric relationship, a new transformation of velocities and a changed Lorentz…
Comparisons of different treatments or production processes are the goals of a significant fraction of applied research. Unsurprisingly, two-sample problems play a main role in Statistics through natural questions such as `Is the the new…
This paper frames calculus as a global, centuries-long development rather than a subject that began only with Newton and Leibniz. Drawing on ideas from Greek, Indian, Islamic, and later European mathematics, it highlights how concepts like…
When considering perceptions, the observation scale and resolution are closely related properties. There is consensus in considering resolution as the density of elementary pieces of information in a specified information space.…
Despite the prevalence of the Computational Theory of Mind and the Connectionist Model, the establishing of the key principles of the Cognitive Science are still controversy and inconclusive. This paper proposes the concept of Pattern…
We examine whether mobility measures appropriately represent changes in individual status, like income or ranks. We suggest three elementary principles for mobility comparisons and show that many commonly used indices violate one or more of…
The development of scientometric indicators and methods for evaluative purposes, requires a multitude of assumptions, conventions, limitations, and caveats. Given this, we cannot permit ambiguities in the key concepts forming the basis of…
A theoretical self-sustainable economic model is established based on the fundamental factors of production, consumption, reservation and reinvestment, where currency is set as a unconditional credit symbol serving as transaction equivalent…
We investigate the concept of symmetry and its role in problem solving. This paper first defines precisely the elements that constitute a "problem" and its "solution," and gives several examples to illustrate these definitions. Given…
In this paper a new mathematical procedure is presented for combining different pieces of evidence which are represented in the interval form to reflect our knowledge about the truth of a hypothesis. Evidences may be correlated to each…
Quantum Computing (QC) is undergoing a high rate of development, investment and research devoted to its improvement.However, there is little consensus in the industry and wider literature as to what improvement might consist of beyond…