Related papers: States of matter
We discuss some aspects of cold atomic Fermi gases in the unitarity limit that are of interest in connection with the physics of quark matter and the quark gluon plasma. We consider, in particular, the equation of state, transport…
The transitions in disordered substances are discussed briefly: liquid--liquid phase transitions, liquid--glass transition and the transformations of one amorphous form to another amorphous form of the same substances. A description of…
Liquids in contact with solids are submitted to intermolecular forces making liquids heterogeneous and stress tensors are not any more spherical as in homogeneous bulks. The aim of this article is to show that a square-gradient functional…
The key difference between math as math and math in science is that in science we blend our physical knowledge with our knowledge of math. This blending changes the way we put meaning to math and even to the way we interpret mathematical…
This is a review of the geometry of quantum states using elementary methods and pictures. Quantum states are represented by a convex body, often in high dimensions. In the case of n-qubits, the dimension is exponentially large in n. The…
Everybody knows that when a liquid is heated, its temperature increases until the moment when it starts to boil. The increase in temperature then stops, all heat being used to transform the liquid into vapor. What is the microscopic origin…
It is shown that the theory of dark matter can be derived from the first principles. Particles representing a new form of matter gravitate but do not interact electromagnetically, strongly and weakly with the known elementary particles.…
Scientists at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC, BNL) recently discovered, that the hottest known form of matter is not a gas, but acts like a fluid. Furthermore, this fluid of quarks expands and flows much more perfectly than water…
Despite significant experimental sensitivity to point-like, weakly interacting particles at the electroweak mass scale, dark matter has not been found yet. This could hint at a more complex dark sector with multiple states or composite dark…
This report summarizes a series of three lectures aimed at giving an overview of basic particle detection principles, the interaction of particles with matter, the application of these principles in modern detector systems, as well…
This paper looks at the theory underlying the science of materials from the perspectives of physics, the history of science, and the philosophy of science. We are particularly concerned with the development of understanding of the…
A brief introduction and overview of the astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas and their interplay is presented, aimed at non-specialists. The importance of basic chemical physics studies of critical reactions is illustrated through a number…
Traditionally, solubility and mixing belong to the realm of chemistry and material sciences and many standard textbooks on physical chemistry treat this problem, usually within the scope of thermodynamics. Here apart from thermodynamics we…
We show that the matter Lagrangian of a non-perfect fluid takes the negative or positive value of the total energy density of the fluid, which is composed of the the rest plus internal energy densities. The ambiguity of the sign depends on…
Dynamical mass discrepancies in galaxies have two possible explanations: the existence of large amounts of dark matter or the breakdown of Newtonian gravity. True dark matter halos of galaxies could differ in several respects from apparent…
The fact that dark matter (DM), thus far, has revealed itself only on scales of galaxies and larger, again thrusts onto astrophysics the opportunity and the responsibility to confront the age old mystery "What is the nature of matter?" By…
The possibility of using a solid medium to store few-photon laser pulses as coupled excitations between light and matter is investigated. The role of inhomogeneous broadening and nonadiabaticity are considered, and conditions governing the…
Many science education researchers have argued that learners' commitment to a substance (matter-based) ontology impedes the learning of scientific concepts that scientists typically conceptualize as processes or interactions, such as such…
The distribution of the non-luminous matter in galaxies of different luminosity and Hubble type is much more than a proof of the existence of dark particles governing the structures of the Universe. Here, we will review the complex but…
We report experimental results on the behavior of an ensemble of inelastically colliding particles, excited by a vibrated piston in a vertical cylinder. When the particle number is increased, we observe a transition from a regime where the…