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Among the tracers of the earliest phases in the massive star formation process, methanol masers have gained increasing importance. The phenomenological distinction between Class I and II methanol masers is based on their spatial association…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 F. Fontani , R. Cesaroni , R. S. Furuya

Context. Class II methanol masers at 6.7 and 12.2 GHz occur close to high-mass young stellar objects (HMYSOs). When they are observed simultaneously, such studies may contribute to refining the characterisation of local physical conditions.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-28 M. Durjasz , M. Szymczak , P. Wolak , A. Bartkiewicz

We present new observations of C-band continuum emission and masers to assess high-mass ($>$8 $M_\odot$) star formation at early evolutionary phases in the inner 200 pc of the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. The continuum…

We have performed a 1.3 centimeter survey of 24 massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) using the Expanded Very Large Array (EVLA). The sources in the sample exhibit a broad range of massive star formation signposts including Infrared Dark…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-03-30 C. L. Brogan , T. R. Hunter , C. J. Cyganowski , R. K. Friesen , C. J. Chandler , R. Indebetouw

We report the first detection of a methanol maser in the 10(1)-9(2)A- transition at 23.4 GHz, discovered during the H2O southern Galactic Plane Survey (HOPS) with the 22-m Mopra radio telescope. In the region covered by HOPS, the 23.4 GHz…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-20 M. A. Voronkov , A. J. Walsh , J. L. Caswell , S. P. Ellingsen , S. L. Breen , S. N. Longmore , C. R. Purcell , J. S. Urquhart

We present observations of massive star-forming regions selected from the IRAS Point Source Catalog. The observations were made with the Very Large Array and the Large Millimeter Telescope to search for Class I methanol masers. We made…

We present (sub)millimeter imaging at 0.5'' resolution of the massive star-forming region G358.93-0.03 acquired in multiple epochs at 2 and 3 months following the recent flaring of its 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission. Using SMA and ALMA, we…

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to undertake the first high angular resolution observations of 37.7-GHz ($7_{-2} - 8_{-1}E$) methanol masers towards a sample of eleven high-mass star formation regions which host…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-15 Simon Ellingsen , Maxim Voronkov , Shari Breen , Jim Caswell , Andrej Sobolev

We report the results of a sensitive search for 12.2 GHz methanol maser emission towards a sample of eight high-mass star formation regions in the Large Magellanic Clouds which have been detected in other maser transitions. We detected one…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 S. P. Ellingsen , S. L. Breen , J. L. Caswell , L. J. Quinn , G. A. Fuller

We report on a large 44 GHz ($7_0-6_1$ A$^+$) methanol (CH$_3$OH) maser survey of the Galactic Center (GC). The Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array was used to search for CH$_3$OH maser emission covering a large fraction of the region around…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 Bridget McEwen , Loránt Sjouwerman , Ylva Pihlström

We have used the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) to search for continuum emission toward three strong 6.7-GHz methanol maser sources. For two of the sources, G339.88-1.26 and NGC 6334F (G351.42+0.64), we detect continuum emission…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 S. P. Ellingsen , R. P. Norris , P. M. McCulloch

Context: OH maser emission is known to be associated with high mass star forming regions. Towards some of these regions, OH masers are associated with HII regions. Towards others, believed to be in an earlier evolutionary state, OH masers…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2011-07-05 K. A. Edris

The 6.7 GHz maser transition of methanol has been found exclusively towards massive star forming regions. A majority of the masers have been found to lack the presence of any associated radio continuum. This could be due to the maser…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 J. D. Pandian , E. Momjian , Y. Xu , K. M. Menten , P. F. Goldsmith

Methanol masers can provide valuable insight into the processes involved in high-mass star formation, however the local environment in which they form is still unclear. Four primary, yet conflicting, models have emerged to explain the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-06-25 Richard Dodson , Charles Moriarty

The present paper focuses on the high-mass star-forming region G23.01-0.41. Methods: Using the VLBA and the EVN arrays, we conducted phase-referenced observations of the three most powerful maser species in G23.01-0.41: H2O at 22.2 GHz (4…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 A. Sanna , L. Moscadelli , R. Cesaroni , A. Tarchi , R. S. Furuya , C. Goddi

We have constructed the largest sample of dust-associated class II 6.7 GHz methanol masers yet obtained. New measurements from the the Methanol MultiBeam (MMB) Survey were combined with the 870 $\mu$m APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the…

We have discovered two compact sources of shocked H2 2.12-micron emission coincident with Mol 160 (IRAS 23385+6053), a massive star-forming core thought to be a precursor to an ultracompact HII region. The 2.12-micron sources lie within 2"…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-03 Grace Wolf-Chase , Michael Smutko

We present the results of millimeter and centimeter continuum observations, made with the IRAM 30m telescope and the VLA, toward a sample of 11 luminous IRAS sources classified as high-mass protostellar object candidates. We find 1.2 mm…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Á. Sánchez-Monge , A. Palau , R. Estalella , M. T. Beltrán , J. M. Girart

Recently, a comparison between the locations of 6.7-GHz methanol masers and dust continuum emission has renewed speculation that these masers can be associated with evolved stars. The implication of such a scenario would be profound,…

We have used the Australia Telescope National Facility Mopra 22m millimetre telescope to search for emission from the 85.5-GHz and 86.6-GHz transitions of methanol. The search was targeted towards 22 star formation regions which exhibit…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. P. Ellingsen , D. M. Cragg , V. Minier , E. Muller , P. D. Godfrey