Related papers: Electromagnetic Potentials Basis for Energy Densit…
We determine the invariant expression of the force density that the electromagnetic field exerts on dipolar matter and construct the non-symmetric energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter which is consistent with that…
The ambiguity involved in the use of Maxwell's equation particularly in electron plasmas is discussed. It is pointed out that in the slow time scale perturbations the displacement current is ignored but it does not imply that the electron…
The electromagnetic field can be expressed in terms of two complex potentials $ \alpha, \beta ,$ which are related to the Debye potentials. The evolution equations for these potentials are derived, which are separable either in parabolic…
Three contradictory but state-of-the-art concepts for defining and evaluating stored electromagnetic energy are treated in this communication, and are collated with the widely accepted definition of stored energy, which is the total energy…
This paper inspects more closely the problem of the momentum and energy of a bound (non-radiating) electromagnetic (EM) field. It has been shown that for an isolated system of non-relativistic mechanically free charged particles a…
The interaction energy of a given distribution of electric charges and currents with an electromagnetic external field is expressed by the Cartesian components of the multipole tensors of this distribution. Special attention is paid to the…
A density-functional theory is developed based on the Maxwell--Schr\"odinger equation with an internal magnetic field in addition to the external electromagnetic potentials. The basic variables of this theory are the electron density and…
We clarify the relation between canonical and metric energy-momentum tensors. In particular, we show that a natural definition arises from Noether's Theorem which directly leads to a symmetric and gauge invariant tensor for electromagnetic…
After a systematic introduction of some formulae for the energy radiated by localized electric charges and currents, one considers the multipole radiation and the reduction of the multipole tensors to the symmetric traceless ones.
In a continuum setting, the energy-momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total…
In this paper nonhomogeneous deterministic and stochastic Maxwell equations are used to rigorously formulate the capacity of electromagnetic channels such as wave guides (cavities, coaxial cables etc). Both distributed, but localized, and…
We calculate the energy-momentum tensor due to electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations between two parallel hyperplanes in more than four dimensions, considering both metallic and MIT boundary conditions. Using the axial gauge, the problem can…
The concept of available energy of a collisionless plasma is discussed in the context of magnetic confinement. The available energy quantifies how much of the plasma energy can be converted into fluctuations (including nonlinear ones) and…
In this comment it is argued that the argument for a unique determination of the electromagnetic potentials in classical electrodynamics in [1] is flawed. To the contrary the "gauge freedom" of the electromagnetic potentials has proven as…
We present an elementary discussion of the momentum transferred by an electromagnetic wave propagating in a dispersive medium. Our analysis is based on Minkowski's electromagnetic momentum density which have been recently seen to be…
Previously we conjectured that extremely high Electromagnetic (EM) fields in a vacuum generate a gravitational field that causes Maxwell's equations to no longer be linear. This results in a "4-force" in the field configuration space, also…
The structure of classical electrodynamics based on the variational principle together with causality and space-time homogeneity is analyzed. It is proved that in this case the 4-potentials are defined uniquely. On the other hand, the…
The basic continuum model for polar fluids is deceptively simple. The free energy integral consists of four terms: The coupling of polarization to an external field, the electrostatic energy of the induced electric field interacting with…
We introduce the concept of energy-variational solutions for hyperbolic conservation laws. Intrinsically, these energy-variational solutions fulfill the weak-strong uniqueness principle and the semi-flow property, and the set of solutions…
From the energy-momentum tensors of the electromagnetic field and the mechanical energy-momentum, the equations of energy conservation and balance of electromagnetic and mechanical forces are obtained. The equation for the Abraham force in…