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We investigate how the magnetic loop length of solar flares relates to the timing between their thermal and nonthermal emission signatures. Our study analyzes a sample of 96 C-, M-, and X-class flares observed between 2013 and 2015 with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-24 S. M. Perriyil , S. S. Sadangaya , C. G. Giménez de Castro , P. J. A. Simões

Using fully relativistic GEANT4 simulation tool kit, the transport of energetic electrons generated in solar flares was Monte-Carlo simulated, and resultant bremsstrahlung gamma-ray spectra were calculated. The solar atmosphere was…

Solar flares, along with other sun-originated events such as Coronal Mass Ejections, fast solar wind streams, and solar energetic particles are among the most relevant events in Space Weather. Moreover, solar flares are the most energetic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-21 Nicola Plutino , Francesco Berrilli , Dario Del Moro , Luca Giovannelli

Large solar flares and eruptions may influence remote regions through perturbations in the outer-atmospheric magnetic field, leading to causally related events outside of the primary or triggering eruptions that are referred to as…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-04 Carolus J. Schrijver , Paul A. Higgins

Solar flare hard X-ray spectra from RHESSI are normally interpreted in terms of purely collisional electron beam propagation, ignoring spatial evolution and collective effects. In this paper we present self-consistent numerical simulations…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 I. G. Hannah , E. P. Kontar , O. K. Sirenko

The statistical examination of solar flares is crucial to revealing their global characteristics and behaviour. Such examinations can tackle large-scale science questions or give context to detailed single-event studies. However, they are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-17 Daniel F. Ryan , Marie Dominique , Dan Seaton , Koen Stegen , Arthur White

In isolated solar active regions, we find that the waiting times between flares correlate with flare magnitudes as determined by the GOES soft X-ray fluxes. A "build-up and release" scenario (BUR) for magnetic energy storage in the solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Hugh S. Hudson

Finite thermal velocity modifications to electron slowing-down rates may be important for the deduction of solar flare total electron energy. Here we treat both slowing-down and velocity diffusion of electrons in the corona at flare…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Ross K. Galloway , Alexander L. MacKinnon , Eduard P. Kontar , Per Helander

We have studied the relationship between the location of EUV nonthermal broadening and high-energy particles during the large flares by using EUV imaging spectrometer onboard {\it Hinode}, Nobeyama Radio Polarimeter, Nobeyama…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Tomoko Kawate , Shinsuke Imada

Aims The possible influence of solar superflares on the near-Earth space radiation environment are assessed through the investigation of scaling laws between the peak proton flux and fluence of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events with the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-08 Athanasios Papaioannou , Konstantin Herbst , Tobias Ramm , Edward W. Cliver , David Lario , Astrid M. Veronig

Continuum emission, also called white-light emission (WLE), and permanent changes of the magnetic field ($\Delta{B}_{{\rm{LOS}}}$) are often observed during solar flares. But their relation and their precise mechanisms are still unknown. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-02 J. S. Castellanos Durán , L. Kleint

We present a statistical study of chromospheric evaporation in solar flares using simultaneous observations by the RHESSI X-ray telescope and the IRIS UV spectrograph. The results are compared with radiation hydrodynamic flare models from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-23 Viacheslav M Sadykov , Alexander G Kosovichev , Ivan N Sharykin , Graham S Kerr

Solar flares result in an increase of the solar irradiance at all wavelengths. While the distribution of the flare fluence observed in coronal emission has been widely studied and found to scale as f(E) ~ E^{-\alpha}, with \alpha slightly…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-10-08 M. Kretzschmar

Spatially-resolved X-ray observations are the key to understanding electron acceleration in solar flares. Currently, the underlying processes that efficiently energize solar flare particles are poorly constrained. Abundant flare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-09 Morgan Stores , Natasha Jeffrey , Ewan Dickson , James McLaughlin , Eduard Kontar

The transport of the energy contained in suprathermal electrons in solar flares plays a key role in our understanding of many aspects of flare physics, from the spatial distributions of hard X-ray emission and energy deposition in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-08 Nicolas H. Bian , A. Gordon Emslie , Eduard P. Kontar

The standard flare model, despite its success, is limited in comprehensively explaining the various processes involving nonthermal particles. One such missing ingredient is a detailed understanding of the various processes involved during…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-23 Surajit Mondal , Andrea F. Battaglia , Bin Chen , Sijie Yu

The occurrence of X-class solar flares and their potential impact on the space weather often receive great attention than other flares. But predicting when and where an X-class flare will occur is still a challenge. With the…

Solar flare X-ray emission results from rapidly increasing temperatures and emission measures in flaring active region loops. To date, observations from the X-Ray Sensor (XRS) onboard the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-03-07 Daniel F. Ryan , Ryan O. Milligan , Peter T. Gallagher , Brian R. Dennis , A. Kim Tolbert , Richard A. Schwartz , C. Alex Young

We analyse the spatial distribution and vertical stratification of the physical parameters of the solar atmosphere when an X-class flare occurs. We made use of observations acquired by the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectropolarimeter…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-19 F. Ferrente , C. Quintero Noda , F. Zuccarello , S. L. Guglielmino

We analyze the spectra of high temperature \fexxiv~lines observed by \emph{Hinode}/EIS during the impulsive phase of the X8.3--class flare on September 10, 2017. The line profiles are broad, show pronounced wings, and clearly depart from a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-05 Vanessa Polito , Jaroslav Dudík , Jana Kašparová , Elena Dzifčáková , Katharine K. Reeves , Paola Testa , Bin Chen