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Time delays in strong gravitational lensing systems possess significant complementarity with distance measurements to determine the dark energy equation of state, as well as the matter density and Hubble constant. Time delays are most…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-04 Eric V. Linder

In light of the newly opened and rapidly growing gravitational waves window in multi-messenger astronomy, in order to fully take advantage of the new opportunities we are provided with, new ideas are required for a better and deeper employ…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-06 Paolo Cremonese , Vincenzo Salzano

Gravitational lensing offers a competitive method to measure $H_0$ with the goal of 1% precision. A major obstacle comes in the form of lensing degeneracies, such as the mass sheet degeneracy (MSD), which make it possible for a family of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-01 Matthew R. Gomer , Liliya L. R. Williams

Isothermal models and other simple smooth models of dark matter halos of gravitational lenses often predict a dimensionless time delay $H_0\Delta t$ much too small to be comfortable with the observed time delays $\Delta t$ and the widely…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 HongSheng Zhao , Bo Qin

Strong lensing has developed into an important astrophysical tool for probing both cosmology and galaxies (their structures, formations, and evolutions). Now several hundreds of strong lens systems produced by massive galaxies have been…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Shuo Cao , Zong-Hong Zhu

Under the assumption of a flat Lambda-CDM cosmology, recent data from the Planck satellite point toward a Hubble constant that is in tension with that measured by gravitational lens time delays and by the local distance ladder. Prosaically,…

Surveys with submillimetre telescopes are revealing large numbers of gravitationally lensed high-redshift sources. I describe how, in practice, these lensed systems could be simultaneously used to estimate the values of cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Stephen Eales

The clustering of galaxy clusters is a powerful cosmological tool, which can help to break degeneracies between parameters when combined with other cosmological observables. We aim to demonstrate its potential in constraining cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-16 Alessandra Fumagalli , Matteo Costanzi , Alexandro Saro , Tiago Castro , Stefano Borgani

While time-delay lenses can be an independent probe of $H_0$ the estimates are degenerate with the convergence of the lens near the Einstein radius. Velocity dispersions, $\sigma$, can be used to break the degeneracy, with uncertainties…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-05 R. Forés-Toribio , C. S. Kochanek , J. A. Muñoz

For known gravitational lens systems the redshift distribution of the lenses is compared with theoretical expectations for $10^{4}$~Friedmann-Lema\^\i tre~cosmological models, which more than cover the range of possible cases. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 Phillip Helbig , Rainer Kayser

Strong gravitational lensing of active galactic nuclei (AGN) enables measurements of cosmological parameters through time-delay cosmography (TDC). With data from the upcoming LSST survey, we anticipate using a sample of O(1000) lensed AGN…

The Hubble constant ($H_0$), a crucial parameter in cosmology, quantifies the expansion rate of the universe so its precise measurement is important to understand the fundamental dynamics of our evolving universe. One of the major…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-29 Narayan Khadka , Simon Birrer , Alexie Leauthaud , Holden Nix

In recent years, breakthroughs in methods and data have enabled gravitational time delays to emerge as a very powerful tool to measure the Hubble constant $H_0$. However, published state-of-the-art analyses require of order 1 year of expert…

Strongly gravitational lensed quasars can be used to measure the so-called time-delay distance $D_{\Delta t}$, and thus the Hubble constant $H_0$ and other cosmological parameters. Stellar kinematics of the deflector galaxy play an…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-17 Anowar J. Shajib , Tommaso Treu , Adriano Agnello

We propose that observations of super-massive galaxies contain cosmological constraining power similar to conventional cluster cosmology, and we provide promising indications that the associated systematic errors are comparably easier to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-06-07 Enia Xhakaj , Alexie Leauthaud , Johannes Lange , Elisabeth Krause , Andrew Hearin , Song Huang , Risa H. Wechsler , Sven Heydenreich

The light travel time differences in strong gravitational lensing systems allows an independent determination of the Hubble constant. This method has been successfully applied to several lens systems. The formally most precise measurements…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Peter Schneider , Dominique Sluse

Strong lensing time delays can measure the Hubble constant H$_0$ independent of any other probe. Assuming commonly used forms for the radial mass density profile of the lenses, a 2\% precision has been achieved with 7 Time-Delay Cosmography…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-12 Simon Birrer , Tommaso Treu

The Hubble tension, revealed by a $\sim 5\sigma$ discrepancy between measurements of the Hubble-Lemaitre constant from early- and local-Universe observations, is one of the most significant problems in modern cosmology. In order to better…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-12 Zizhao He , Nan Li , Xiaoyue Cao , Rui Li , Hu Zou , Simon Dye

We present a detailed strong lensing analysis of an HST/ACS legacy dataset for the first gravitational lens, Q0957+561. With deep imaging we identify 24 new strongly lensed features, which we use to constrain mass models. We model the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Ross Fadely , Charles R. Keeton , Reiko Nakajima , Gary M. Bernstein

Cadenced optical imaging surveys in the next decade will be capable of detecting time-varying galaxy-scale strong gravitational lenses in large numbers, increasing the size of the statistically well-defined samples of multiply-imaged…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Masamune Oguri , Philip J. Marshall