Related papers: Nonequilibrium Microscopic Distribution of Thermal…

Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large.…

We use direct numerical simulations to investigate the interaction between the temperature field of a fluid and the temperature of small particles suspended in the flow, employing both one and two-way thermal coupling, in a statistically…

It is shown that the partial temperatures of a homogeneous multicomponent gas mixture in the thermodynamical equilibrium cannot be equal to each other. New general solutions for equilibrium distribution functions of the multicomponent…

The electronic distribution in devices with sufficiently small diemnsions may not be in thermal equilibrium with their surroundings. Systems where the occupancies of electronic states are solely determined by tunneling processes are…

The flow of a thermoelectric current through a semiconductor of submicron dimensions is analyzed. The rate of surface relaxation of the energy is assumed to be much higher than the rate of electron-electron collisions. Under these…

Flow across heated parallel channel systems exists in many applications. The performance of such systems experiencing multiphase flow could suffer from the deleterious effects of flow non-uniformity or maldistribution. Modeling the behavior…

Departures of observables from their thermal equilibrium expectation values are studied under heat flow in steady-state non-equilibrium environments. The relation between the spatial and temperature dependence of these non-equilibrium…

This review presents an overview of the thermal properties of mesoscopic structures. The discussion is based on the concept of electron energy distribution, and, in particular, on controlling and probing it. The temperature of an electron…

Microscopic calculations of central collisions between heavy nuclei are used to study fragment production and the creation of collective flow. It is shown that the final phase space distributions are compatible with the expectations from a…

Exposing a solution to a temperature gradient can lead to the accumulation of particles on either the cold or warm side. This phenomenon, known as thermophoresis, has been discovered more than a century ago, and yet its microscopic origin…

To describe the nonequilibrium states of a system we introduce a new thermodynamic parameter - the lifetime of a system. The statistical distributions which can be obtained out of the mesoscopic description characterizing the behaviour of a…

For some forms of steady heating, coronal loops are in a state of thermal nonequilibrium and evolve in a manner that includes accelerated cooling, often resulting in the formation of a cold condensation. This is frequently confused with…

The linear response to temperature changes is derived for systems with overdamped stochastic dynamics. Holding both in transient and steady state conditions, the results allow to compute nonequilibrium thermal susceptibilities from…

We consider a chain of anharmonic oscillators immersed in a heat bath with a temperature gradient and a time varying tension applied to one end of the chain while the other side is fixed to a point. We prove that under diffusive space-time…

We study thermalization and non-equilibrium dynamics in a dissipative quantum many-body system -- a chain of ions with two points of the chain driven by thermal bath under different temperature. Instead of a simple linear temperature…

A macroscopically uniform model of a two-dimensional electron system is proposed to study nonequilibrium properties of electrical conduction. By molecular dynamics simulation, the steady state distribution function $P_y$ of electron…

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally…

We theoretically study thermal transport in an electronic interferometer comprising a parallel circuit of two quantum dots, each of which has a tunable single electronic state which are connected to two leads at different temperature.As a…

Improvement of thermoelectric systems in terms of performance and range of applications relies on progress in materials science and optimization of device operation. In this chapter, we focuse on optimization by taking into account the…

For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this…