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Several physical processes and formation events are expected in cluster outskirts, a vast region up to now essentially not covered by observations. The recent Suzaku (X-ray) and Planck (Sunayev-Zeldovich effect) observations out to the…
In this review, we describe our current understanding of cluster formation: from the general picture of collapse from initial density fluctuations in an expanding Universe to detailed simulations of cluster formation including the effects…
The relaxed galaxy cluster Zwicky 3146 is analyzed via the SuperModel, a tool already tested on many clusters since 2009. In particular, this analysis is focused on the intracluster medium X-ray temperature data measured by XMM-Newton up to…
Central cool gas component that is often observed from a well-relaxed cluster system has long been interpreted as a consequence of ``Cooling Flow'' (CF), radiative cooling followed by inflow of Intra-Cluster Medium (ICM). However, recent…
Many processes within galaxy clusters, such as those believed to govern the onset of thermally unstable cooling and AGN feedback, are dependent upon local dynamical timescales. However, accurately mapping the mass distribution within…
[Abridged] We present the first determination of the intrinsic three-dimensional shapes and the physical parameters of both dark matter (DM) and intra-cluster medium (ICM) in a triaxial galaxy cluster. While most previous studies rely on…
We study the conditions for the onset of Thermal Instability in the innermost regions of compact galactic nuclei, where the properties of the interstellar environment are governed by the interplay of quasi-spherical accretion onto a…
X-ray data of the Centaurus cluster, obtained with {\it XMM-Newton} for 45 ksec, were analyzed. Deprojected EPIC spectra from concentric thin shell regions were reproduced equally well by a single-phase plasma emission model, or by a…
The temperature and density of the hot diffuse medium pervading galaxy groups and clusters combine into one significant quantity, the entropy. Here we express the entropy levels and profiles in model-independent forms by joining two…
Understanding the thermodynamic state of the hot intracluster medium (ICM) in a galaxy cluster requires a knowledge of the plasma transport processes, especially thermal conduction. The basic physics of thermal conduction in plasmas with…
The thermodynamic properties of the hot plasma in galaxy clusters retains information on the processes leading to the formation and evolution of the gas in their deep, dark matter potential wells. These processes are dictated not only by…
We point out that two problems of observational cosmology, the facts i) that > 60% of the baryonic content of the universe is not observed at z=0 and ii) that the properties of small clusters do not agree with simple expectations, could be…
It is now widely accepted that heating processes play a fundamental role in galaxy clusters, struggling in an intricate but fascinating `dance' with its antagonist, radiative cooling. Last generation observations, especially X-ray, are…
The thermodynamics of the diffuse, X-ray emitting gas in clusters of galaxies is linked to the entropy level of the intra cluster medium. In particular, models that successfully reproduce the properties of local X-ray clusters and groups…
Using the Einstein cluster models, we construct a fully relativistic, spherically symmetric, spiky structure of matter distribution near a supermassive black hole. We introduce and discuss three simple toy models, together with a more…
We present the results of a Chandra X-ray survey of the 8 most massive galaxy clusters at z>1.2 in the South Pole Telescope 2500 deg^2 survey. We combine this sample with previously-published Chandra observations of 49 massive…
In high-resolution X-ray observations of the hot plasma in clusters of galaxies significant structures caused by AGN feedback, mergers, and turbulence can be detected. Many clusters have been observed by Chandra in great depth and at high…
There is now firm evidence that the ICM consists of a mixture of hot plasma, magnetic fields and relativistic particles. The most important evidences for non-thermal phenomena in galaxy clusters comes from the diffuse Mpc-scale synchrotron…
Jets from supermassive black holes in the centres of galaxy clusters are a potential candidate for moderating gas cooling and subsequent star formation through depositing energy in the intra-cluster gas. In this work, we simulate the…
This is the fifth in a series of papers studying the astrophysics and cosmology of massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters. Our sample comprises 40 clusters identified as being dynamically relaxed and hot in Papers I and II of this…