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Related papers: The Born Rule Dies

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This paper presents a novel explanation of the cause of quantum probabilities and the Born rule based on the intuitionistic interpretation of quantum mechanics where propositions obey constructive (intuitionistic) logic. The use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-14 Arkady Bolotin

The Born rule is derived from operational assumptions, independent of the normalization of the state. Unlike Gleason's theorem, the argument applies even if probabilities are defined for only a single resolution of the identity, so it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Saunders

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-04 Kohtaro Tadaki

The Born rule, a foundational axiom used to deduce probabilities of events from wavefunctions, is indispensable in the everyday practice of quantum physics. It is also key in the quest to reconcile the ostensibly inconsistent laws of the…

Despite the tremendous empirical success of quantum theory there is still widespread disagreement about what it can tell us about the nature of the world. A central question is whether the theory is about our knowledge of reality, or a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-10 Sally Shrapnel , Fabio Costa , Gerard Milburn

Considerable effort has been devoted to deriving the Born rule (e.g. that $|\psi(x)|^2 dx$ is the probability of finding a system, described by $\psi$, between $x$ and $x + dx$) in quantum mechanics. Here we show that the Born rule is not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Paul Brumer , Jiangbin Gong

The goal of this paper is to apply the collection of mathematical tools known as the "method of arbitrary functions" to analyze how probability arises from quantum dynamics. We argue that in a toy model of quantum measurement the Born rule…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-26 Liam Bonds , Brooke Burson , Kade Cicchella , Benjamin H. Feintzeig , Lynnx , Alia Yusaini

The notion of probability plays a crucial role in quantum mechanics. It appears in quantum mechanics as the Born rule. In modern mathematics which describes quantum mechanics, however, probability theory means nothing other than measure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Kohtaro Tadaki

It was repeatedly underlined in literature that quantum mechanics cannot be considered a closed theory if the Born Rule is postulated rather than derived from the first principles. In this work the Born Rule is derived from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-09 Aleksey V. Ilyin

The measurement problem is the issue of explaining how the objective classical world emerges from a quantum one. Here we take a different approach. We assume that there is an objective classical system, and then ask that the standard rules…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Isaac Layton , Jonathan Oppenheim , Zachary Weller-Davies

The Born rule provides a fundamental connection between theory and observation in quantum mechanics, yet its origin remains a mystery. We consider this problem within the context of quantum optics using only classical physics and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Brian R. La Cour , Morgan C. Williamson

Attempts to derive the Born rule, either in the Many Worlds or Copenhagen interpretation, are unsatisfactory for systems with only a finite number of degrees of freedom. In the case of Many Worlds this is a serious problem, since its goal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Roman V. Buniy , Stephen D. H. Hsu , A. Zee

Understanding the core content of quantum mechanics requires us to disentangle the hidden logical relationships between the postulates of this theory. Here we show that the mathematical structure of quantum measurements, the formula for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Lluís Masanes , Thomas D. Galley , Markus P. Müller

We formulate a discrete two-state stochastic process with elementary rules that give rise to Born statistics and reproduce the probabilities from the Schr\"odinger equation under an associated Hamiltonian matrix, which we identify. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-19 Themis Matsoukas

In this work, we show that the quantum mechanical notions of density operator, positive operator-valued measure (POVM), and the Born rule, are all simultaneously encoded in the categorical notion of a natural transformation of functors. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Boyu Yang , James Fullwood

Bohmian mechanics represents the universe as a set of paths with a probability measure defined on it. The way in which a mathematical model of this kind can explain the observed phenomena of the universe is examined in general. It is shown…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-20 Bruno Galvan

The subjective Bayesian interpretation of probability asserts that the rules of the probability calculus follow from the normative principle of Dutch-book coherence: A decision-making agent should not assign probabilities such that a series…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 John B. DeBrota , Christopher A. Fuchs , Jacques L. Pienaar , Blake C. Stacey

A basic postulate of modern compositional approaches to generalised physical theories is the generalised Born rule, in which probabilities are postulated to be computable from the composition of states and effects. In this paper we consider…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-20 Gaurang Agrawal , Matt Wilson

It is usually assumed that the quantum state is sufficient for deducing all probabilities for a system. This may be true when there is a single observer, but it is not true in a universe large enough that there are many copies of an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Don N. Page

Born's rule in its conventional textbook form applies to the small class of projective measurements only. It is well-known that a generalization of Born's rule to realistic experiments must be phrased in terms of positive operator valued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-23 Arnold Neumaier