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We model massive dark objects at centers of many galaxies as Schwarzschild black hole lenses and study gravitational lensing by them in detail. We show that the ratio of mass of a Schwarzschild lens to the differential time delay between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-04-13 K. S. Virbhadra

I discuss features required for preserving unitarity in black hole decay and concepts underlying such a perspective. Unitarity requires that correlations extend on the scale of the horizon. I show, in a toy model inspired by string…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Englert

In the static and infalling spherical-shell models of optically thin accretion on Schwarzschild black hole, the formulas for the integrated intensities observed by a distant observer are derived, and by taking the monochromatic emission…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-19 Bofeng Wu , En-Wei Liang , Xiao Zhang

In this article, we extend the strong deflection limit to calculate the deflection angle for a class of geometries which are asymptotically locally flat. In particular, we study the deflection of light in the surroundings of spherical black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-22 Fabrizio Canfora , Ernesto F. Eiroa , Carlos M. Sendra

Within the framework of general relativity, we explore the interior of the Schwarzschild black hole before complete collapse occurs, finding that the exterior is perfectly compatible with a source much more complex than a pointlike mass. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-14 J. Ovalle

Working in a semi-classical setting, we consider solutions of the Einstein equations that exhibit light trapping in finite time according to distant observers. In spherical symmetry, we construct near-horizon quantities from the assumption…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-14 Pravin K. Dahal , Fil Simovic , Ioannis Soranidis , Daniel R. Terno

From any location outside the event horizon of a black hole there are an infinite number of trajectories for light to an observer. Each of these paths differ in the number of orbits revolved around the black hole and in their proximity to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-12 Albert Sneppen

We investigate a generalized Chaplygin-like gas with an anisotropic equation of state, characterizing a dark fluid within which a static spherically symmetric black hole is assumed. By solving the Einstein equations for this black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-05 Mohsen Fathi , J. R. Villanueva , Gilberto Aguilar-Pérez , Miguel Cruz

It is shown that the internal stationary state of the Schwarzschild black hole can be represented by a maximally entangled two-mode squeezed state of collapsing matter and infalling Hawking radiation. The final boundary condition at the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Doyeol Ahn

We present an implementation of a ray tracing code in the Schwarzschild metric. We aim at building a numerical code with a correct implementation of both special (aberration, amplification, Doppler) and general (deflection of light,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-16 Alain Riazuelo

After reviewing the shortcomings of existing definitions used to characterize the boundary of a black hole, we present a new method for its characterization. This definition could potentially be applied to locate the boundary of general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-20 Pravin Kumar Dahal

Schwarzschild black-hole interiors, bounded by event horizons and terminated by spacelike singularities, are regions where all physical observers are inevitably destroyed. In the geometric optics approximation, waves follow null geodesics…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-25 Jeff Steinhauer , Kyriakos Destounis , Richard Brito

We present the shape of the black hole shadow on the standard background screen as it is registered by the distant observer. The screen is an infinite plane, emitting the quanta uniformly distributed to a hemisphere. The source of emission…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-02-14 Serge V. Repin , Dmitry A. Kompaneets , Igor D. Novikov , Valeriya A. Mityagina

Using a discrete spectrum proposed for expectation values of canonical variables in black hole coherent states, the semiclassical entropy associated with the Schwarzschild space-time is derived to be the area of the apparent horizon.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Arundhati Dasgupta

The gravitational field of supermassive black holes is able to strongly bend light rays emitted by nearby sources. When the deflection angle exceeds $\pi$, gravitational lensing can be analytically approximated by the so-called strong…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 V. Bozza , G. Scarpetta

In this work we study the Schwarzschild metric in the context of canonical quantum gravity inside the horizon, close of horizon and near the black hole singularity. Using this standard quantization procedure, we show that the horizon is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-16 Laysa G. Martins , K. Luz-Burgoa , José A. C. Nogales

I revisit the fate of coinciding horizons and the volume between them in the extremal limit of spherically symmetric black holes in four spacetime dimensions, focusing on the Schwarzschild de Sitter black hole for concreteness. The two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-07-19 Sean Stotyn

A personal perspective on the black hole evaporation process is presented using as guidelines inputs from: (i) loop quantum gravity, (ii) simplified models where concrete results have been obtained, and, (iii) semi-classical quantum general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-01-14 Abhay Ashtekar

It was long believed that the singularity inside a realistic, rotating black hole must be spacelike. However, studies of the internal geometry of black holes indicate a more complicated structure is typical. While it seems likely that an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Patrick R Brady , Serge Droz , Sharon M Morsink

One of the pronounced characteristics of gravity, distinct from other interactions, is that there are no local observables which are independent of the choice of the spacetime coordinates. This property acquires crucial importance in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-07-02 Kanato Goto , Yoichi Kazama