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Fluctuations of dynamical quantities are fundamental and inevitable. For the booming research in nanotechnology, huge relative fluctuation comes with the reduction of system size, leading to large uncertainty for the estimates of dynamical…
We propose a method to decompose the total energy of a supercell containing defects into contributions of individual atoms, using the energy density formalism within density functional theory. The spatial energy density is unique up to a…
The new simple method of the energy reconstruction for a combined calorimeter, which we called the e/h method, is suggested. It uses only the known e/h ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of…
We describe a method for calculating the probability with which the wall of a plasma absorbs an electron at low energy. The method, based on an invariant embedding principle, expresses the electron absorption probability as the probability…
The static energy encodes all possible information about the thermodynamics and potential energy (and all related forces) of stratified geophysical fluids. In this paper, we develop a systematic methodology, called static energy…
We discuss the potential advantages of calculating the effective mass of quasiparticles in the interacting electron liquid from the low-temperature free energy vis-a-vis the conventional approach, in which the effective mass is obtained…
A controllable energy method, which considers the undersampling issue of the transfer function and valid spectral energy of a source signal, is proposed to implement angular spectrum diffraction calculation in near and far fields. The…
Unidirectional light transport in one-dimensional nanomaterials at the quantum level is a crucial goal to achieve for upcoming computational devices. We here employ a full-quantum mechanical approach based on master equation to describe…
Equations describing the complete series of image charges for a system of conducting spheres are presented. The method of image charges, originally described by J. C. Maxwell in 1873, has been and continues to be a useful method for solving…
We present an electrostatic theory of band gap renormalization in atomically-thin semiconductors that captures the strong sensitivity to the surrounding dielectric environment. In particular, our theory aims to correct known band gaps, such…
The metriplectic formalism is useful for describing complete dynamical systems which conserve energy and produce entropy. This creates challenges for model reduction, as the elimination of high-frequency information will generally not…
A potential disadvantage of real-space-grid electronic structure methods is the lack of a variational principle and the concomitant increase of total energy with grid refinement. We show that the origin of this feature is the systematic…
Irreversible thermodynamics of simple fluids have been connected recently to the theory of dynamical systems and some interesting assumptions have been made about the nature of the associated invariant measures. We show that the tests of…
A wide range of ultrafast phenomena in various atomic, molecular and condense matter systems is governed by electron dynamics. Therefore, the ability to image electronic motion in real space and real time would provide a deeper…
We present a thermodynamics experiment suitable for first year undergraduate students employing Stirling Engines to create a demonstration of energy transformation and to measure the mechanical efficiency of such engines. Using an…
We introduce and motivate the method of effective charges, and consider how to implement an all-orders resummation of large kinematical logarithms in this formalism. Fits for QCD \Lambda and power corrections are performed for the e+e-…
All living cells transport molecules and ions across membranes, often against concentration gradients. This active transport requires continual energy expenditure and is clearly a nonequilibrium process for which standard equilibrium…
When a well-localized photon is incident on a spatially superposed absorber but is not absorbed, the photon can still deliver energy to the absorber. It is shown that when the transferred energy is small relative to the energy uncertainty…
We use Monte Carlo approach to study the energetics of electrons accelerated in a pulsar polar gap. As energy-loss mechanisms we consider magnetic Compton scattering of thermal X-ray photons and curvature radiation. The results are compared…
The fluctuations of the charge on an electrode contain information on the microscopic correlations within the adjacent fluid and their effect on the electronic properties of the interface. We investigate these fluctuations using molecular…