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A mixed lattice is a lattice-type structure consisting of a set with two partial orderings, and generalizing the notion of a lattice. Mixed lattice theory has previously been studied in various algebraic structures, such as groups and…
In part I: We find a series physical scales such as 1) Planck scale, 2) Minimal approximate grand unification SU(5), 3) the mass scale of the see saw model right handed or Majorana neutrinoes, some invented scale with many scalar bosons,…
Two structures are said to be equimorphic if each embeds in the other. Such structures cannot be expected to be isomorphic, and in this paper we investigate the special case of linear orders, here also called chains. In particular we…
In planar algebras, we show how to project certain simple "quadratic" tangles onto the linear space spanned by "linear" and "constant" tangles. We obtain some corollaries about the principal graphs and annular structure of subfactors.
We consider a class of linear ODEs of second order with variable coefficients and construct its Lie algebra of Lie group of equivalence transformations. Further we find invariants and differential invariants of this Lie algebra and by using…
In this paper we derive bilinear forms and present their solutions in Casoratians for several fourth-order lattice Gel'fand-Dikii (lattice GD-4) equations. These equations were recently formulated from the direct linearization approach and…
We discuss how the presence of a suitable symmetry can guarantee the perturbative linearizability of a dynamical system - or a parameter dependent family - via the Poincar\'e Normal Form approach. We discuss this at first formally, and…
We consider the partial difference equations of the Adler-Bobenko-Suris classification, which are characterized as multidimensionally consistent. The latter property leads naturally to the construction of auto-B{\"a}cklund transformations…
It is well known that the linear stability of solutions of partial differential equations which are integrable can be very efficiently investigated by means of spectral methods. We present here a direct construction of the eigenmodes of the…
Let $L$ be a lattice. We call a congruence relation $\gQ$ of $L$ isoform, if any two congruence classes of $\gQ$ are isomorphic (as lattices). Let us call the lattice $L$ isoform, if all congruences of $L$ are isoform. G. Gr\"atzer and…
Let $L$ be an $n$-element finite lattice. We prove that if $L$ has strictly more than $2^{n-5}$ congruences, then $L$ is planar. This result is sharp, since for each natural number $n\geq 8$, there exists a non-planar lattice with exactly…
This paper gives parametric solutions to quartic equations of the type,(4-3-3),(4-4-4),(4-5-5) and (4-6-6), According to Lander, Parkin, and Selfridge (2) conjecture, there are non-trivial solutions of the quartic…
Our purpose in this paper is to study when a planar differential system polynomial in one variable linearizes in the sense that it has an inverse integrating factor which can be constructed by means of the solutions of linear differential…
Integrable discrete scalar equations defined on a~two or a three dimensional lattice can be rewritten as difference systems in bond variables or in face variables respectively. Both the difference systems in bond variables and the…
We present a new one parameter family of second derivative discontinuous solutions to the simplest scale invariant linear ordinary differential equation. We also point out how the construction could be extended to generate families of…
We present a new description of nonequilibrium square patterns as a harmonically coupled crystal lattice. In a vertically oscillating granular layer, different transverse normal modes of the granular square-lattice pattern are observed for…
We provide a complete set of linearizability conditions for nonlinear partial difference equations de- fined on four points and, using them, we classify all linearizable multilinear partial difference equations defined on four points up to…
Given a quadratic two-parameter matrix polynomial in Newton basis $Q_{N} (\lambda ,\mu)$, we construct a vector space of linear two-parameter matrix polynomials and identify a set of linearizations which lie in the vector space. We also…
It is shown that, given any $k$-dimensional lattice $\Lambda$, there is a lattice sequence $\Lambda_w$, $w\in \mathbb Z$, with sub-orthogonal lattice $\Lambda_o \subset \Lambda$, converging to $\Lambda$ (unless equivalence), also we discuss…
Local unitary invariants allow one to test whether multipartite states are equivalent up to local basis changes. Equivalently, they specify the geometry of the "orbit space" obtained by factoring out local unitary action from the state…