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The mechanism of diffusive Fermi acceleration at collisionless plasma shock waves is widely invoked in astrophysics to explain the appearance of non-thermal particle populations in a variety of environments, including sites of cosmic ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Matthew G. Baring

Electron acceleration associated with various plasma kinetic instabilities in a nonrelativistic, very-high-Alfv\'en Mach-number ($M_A \sim 45$) shock is revealed by means of a two-dimensional fully kinetic PIC simulation. Electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Y. Matsumoto , T. Amano , M. Hoshino

Electrostatic two-stream instabilities play essential roles in an electrostatic collisionless shock formation. They are a key dissipation mechanism and result in ion heating and acceleration. Since the number and energy of the…

We have investigated particle acceleration and emission from shocks and shear flows associated with an unmagnetized relativistic jet plasma propagating into an unmagnetized ambient plasma. Strong electro-magnetic fields are generated in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-12-23 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , I. Dutan , B. Zhang , A. Meli , E. J. Choi , K. Min , J. Niemiec , Y. Mizuno , M. Medvedev , A. Nordlund , J. T. Frederiksen , H. Sol , M. Pohl , D. Hartmann

Using our new 3-D relativistic electromagnetic particle (REMP) code parallelized with MPI, we investigated long-term particle acceleration associated with a relativistic electron-positron jet propagating in an unmagnetized ambient…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 K. -I. Nishikawa , J. Niemiec , M. Medvedev , B. Zhang , P. Hardee , Y. Mizuno , A. Nordlund , J. Frederiksen , H. Sol , M. Pohl , D. H. Hartmann , J. F. Fishman

Kinetic plasma processes, such as magnetic reconnection, collisionless shocks, and turbulence, are fundamental to the dynamics of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Simulating these processes often requires particle-in-cell (PIC)…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 S. R. Totorica , K. V. Lezhnin , W. Fox

Supernova remnants (SNRs), the products of stellar explosions, are powerful astrophysical laboratories, which allow us to study the physics of collisionless shocks, thanks to their bright electromagnetic emission. Blast wave shocks…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-02-15 Marco Miceli

We study a relativistic collisionless electron-positron shock propagating into an unmagnetized ambient medium using 2D particle-in-cell simulations of unprecedented duration and size. The shock generates intermittent magnetic structures of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-12 Daniel Groselj , Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky

We discuss electron acceleration and heating during collisionless magnetic reconnection by using the results of implicit kinetic simulations of Harris current sheets. We consider and compare electron dynamics in plasmas with different \beta…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Paolo Ricci , Giovanni Lapenta , J. U. Brackbill

Ionization is critical in the formation and evolution of plasma dynamics; collisional ionization, in particular, is an often overlooked source of electrons when dealing with laser-plasma interactions. Ionization plays a crucial role in…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Stephen DiIorio , Ricardo Fonseca , Frank Tsung , Benjamin J. Winjum , Alec G. R. Thomas

We have modeled the simultaneous first-order Fermi shock acceleration of protons, electrons, and helium nuclei by relativistic shocks. By parameterizing the particle diffusion, our steady-state Monte Carlo simulation allows us to follow…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-07-15 Donald C. Warren , Donald C. Ellison , Andrei M. Bykov , Shiu-Hang Lee

First order Fermi acceleration at astrophysical shocks is often invoked as a mechanism for the generation of non-thermal particles. This mechanism is especially simple in the approximation that the accelerated particles behave like test…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Pasquale Blasi

A short overview of laser-plasma acceleration of ions is presented. The focus is on some recent experimental results and related theoretical work on advanced regimes. These latter include in particular target normal sheath acceleration…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-03-13 A. Macchi , A. Sgattoni , S. Sinigardi , M. Borghesi , M. Passoni

Radiative shocks, behind which gas cools faster than the dynamical time, play a key role in many astrophysical transients, including classical novae and young supernovae interacting with circumstellar material. The dense layer behind high…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-07-04 Elad Steinberg , Brian D. Metzger

In this chapter, we review some features of particle acceleration in astrophysical jets. We begin by describing four observational results relating to the topic, with particular emphasis on jets in active galactic nuclei and parallels…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-11 James Matthews , Anthony Bell , Katherine Blundell

This proceedings paper reports on the theoretical modelling of particle acceleration in magnetised turbulent plasmas. It briefly reviews some recent findings obtained from fully kinetic numerical simulations of large-amplitude, semi to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-18 M. Lemoine

Particle acceleration at magnetized purely perpendicular relativistic shocks in electron-ion plasmas are studied by means of two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Magnetized shocks with the upstream bulk Lorentz factor $\gamma_1 \gg…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-20 Masanori Iwamoto , Takanobu Amano , Yosuke Matsumoto , Shuichi Matsukiyo , Masahiro Hoshino

A full particle simulation study is carried out on the electron acceleration at a collisionless, relatively low Alfven Mach number (M_A=5), perpendicular shock. Recent self-consistent hybrid shock simulations have demonstrated that the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Takayuki Umeda , Masahiro Yamao , Ryo Yamazaki

Relativistic particle acceleration in collisionless shocks of supernova remnants is accompanied by magnetic field amplification from cosmic ray (CR) driven plasma instabilities. Bell's fast CR-current instability is predicted to produce…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Sergei M Osipov , Andrei M Bykov , Donald C Ellison

Ion acceleration driven by superintense laser pulses is attracting an impressive and steadily increasing effort. Motivations can be found in the potential for a number of foreseen applications and in the perspective to investigate novel…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Andrea Macchi , Marco Borghesi , Matteo Passoni