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In this paper we introduce a new kind of topological space, called 'structured space', which locally resembles various kinds of algebraic structures. This can be useful, for instance, to locally study a space that cannot be globally endowed…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2020-03-27 Manuel Norman

In this paper, we introduce and explore a new class of topological spaces termed as SC*-normal spaces, defined via SC*-open sets. The concept of SC*-normality is analyzed in relation to classical notions such as normal spaces and g-normal…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Neeraj Kumar Tomar , Fahed Zulfeqarr , M. C. Sharma

A new method is given for computing generators of the homology groups with integer coefficients for any finite $T_0$-space. An important role in this method is played by irreducible cycles which are defined here and give rise to continuous…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-11-13 Patrick Erik Bradley

I discuss possible definitions of categories of vector spaces enriched with a notion of formal infinite linear combination in the likes of the formal infinite linear combinations one has in the context of generalized power series, I call…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Pietro Freni

For a collection of subcategories satisfying a fixed set of conditions, for example thick subcategories of a triangulated category, we define a topological space called classifying space of subcategories. We show that this space classifies…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Yong Liu

The schematic finite spaces are those finite ringed spaces where a theory of quasi-coherent modules can be developed with minimal natural conditions. We give various characterizations of these spaces and their natural morphisms. We show…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2021-02-19 Fernando Sancho , Pedro Sancho

In this paper, we will establish a general method of studying finite-dimensional normed spaces, and apply this method to classifying $3$-dimensional and $4$-dimensional normed spaces over a non-spherically complete field. For this purpose,…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Kosuke Ishizuka

It is important to classify covering subgroups of the fundamental group of a topological space using their topological properties in the topologized fundamental group. In this paper, we introduce and study some topologies on the fundamental…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2018-07-04 M. Ab dullahi Rashid , N. Jamali , B. Mashayekhy , S. Z. Pashaei , H. Torabi

The paper introduces the class of O-metric spaces, a novel generalization of metric-type spaces, classifying almost all possible metric types into upward and downward O-metrics. We list some topologies arising from O-metrics and discuss…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Hallowed O. Olaoluwa , Aminat O. Ige , Johnson O. Olaleru

Generalized topological spaces in the sense of Cs\'{a}sz\'{a}r have two main features which distinguish them from typical topologies. First, these families of subsets are not closed under intersections. Second, we allow for the possibility…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-09-23 Tomasz Witczak

We study limits in 2-categories whose objects are categories with extra structure and whose morphisms are functors preserving the structure only up to a coherent comparison map, which may or may not be required to be invertible. This is…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-20 Stephen Lack , Michael Shulman

We present a generalization of free fermionic topological insulators that are composed of topological subsystems of differing dimensionality. We specifically focus on topological subsystems of nonzero co-dimension are embedded within a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Thomas I. Tuegel , Victor Chua , Taylor L. Hughes

Some boundedness properties of function spaces (considered as topological groups) are studied.

General Topology · Mathematics 2017-10-31 L'ubica Holá , Ljubiša D. R. Kočinac

The paper is devoted to a categorical study of the category of probabilistic metric spaces. The study is based on an isomorphic description of the category of probabilistic metric spaces. The isomorphic description was obtained in [3] and…

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Eva Colebunders , Robert Lowen

Various characterizations are offered of injectivity of the canonical fundamental group homomorphism for a certain class of inverse limit spaces. One application characterizes the existence of a kind of generalized universal cover.

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Paul Fabel

A detailed study of graded frame, graded fuzzy topological system and fuzzy topological space with graded inclusion is already done in our earlier paper. The notions of graded fuzzy topological system and fuzzy topological space with graded…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2017-04-27 Purbita Jana , Mihir K. Chakraborty

Fong developed `decorated cospans' to model various kinds of open systems: that is, systems with inputs and outputs. In this framework, open systems are seen as the morphisms of a category and can be composed as such, allowing larger open…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-08-07 Kenny Courser

This paper contains two results on how homotopy limits of topological spaces interact with connectivity. The first is a formula for the connectivity of the homotopy limit of diagrams shaped over suitably finite categories, in terms of the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2014-04-08 Emanuele Dotto

Motivated by the analysis and geometry of metric-measure structures in infinite dimensions, we study the category of extended metric-topological spaces, along with many of its distinguished subcategories (such as the one of compact spaces).…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Enrico Pasqualetto , Timo Schultz , Janne Taipalus

Notions and techniques of enriched category theory can be used to study topological structures, like metric spaces, topological spaces and approach spaces, in the context of topological theories. Recently in [D. Hofmann, Injective spaces…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-07-28 Maria Manuel Clementino , Dirk Hofmann