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Random walks are fundamental tools for analyzing complex networked systems, including social networks, biological systems, and communication infrastructures. While classical random walks focus on pairwise interactions, many real-world…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-13 Anqi Dong , Anzhi Sheng , Xin Mao , Can Chen

We consider random walks in which the walk originates in one set of nodes and then continues until it reaches one or more nodes in a target set. The time required for the walk to reach the target set is of interest in understanding the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Andrew Clark , Basel Alomair , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

A simple random walk on a graph is a sequence of movements from one vertex to another where at each step an edge is chosen uniformly at random from the set of edges incident on the current vertex, and then transitioned to next vertex.…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-02-28 Mohammed Abdullah

There have been extensive studies of a random walk among a field of immobile traps (or obstacles), where one is interested in the probability of survival as well as the law of the random walk conditioned on its survival up to time $t$. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-10-25 Siva Athreya , Alexander Drewitz , Rongfeng Sun

Random walks are the simplest way to explore or search a graph, and have revealed a very useful tool to investigate and characterize the structural properties of complex networks from the real world, e.g. they have been used to identify the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-11 Timoteo Carletti , Malbor Asllani , Duccio Fanelli , Vito Latora

We propose the first return time distribution (FRTD) of a random walk as an interpretable and mathematically grounded node embedding. The FRTD assigns a probability mass function to each node, allowing us to define a distance between any…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Vedanta Thapar , Renaud Lambiotte , George T. Cantwell

In this paper we consider the one-dimensional, biased, randomly trapped random walk when the trapping times have infinite variance. We prove sufficient conditions for the suitably scaled walk to converge to a transformation of a stable…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Adam Bowditch

Random walks by single-node agents have been systematically conducted on various types of complex networks in order to investigate how their topologies can affect the dynamics of the agents. However, by fitting any network node, these…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-16 Alexandre Benatti , Luciano da F. Costa

The trapping problem on graph (or network) as a typical focus of great interest has attracted more attention from various science fields, including applied mathematics and theoretical computer science, in the past. Here, we first study this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Fei Ma , Ping Wang

Numerous problems of both theoretical and practical interest are related to finding shortest (or otherwise optimal) paths in networks, frequently in the presence of some obstacles or constraints. A somewhat related class of problems focuses…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-01 Ricardo Gutiérrez , Carlos Pérez-Espigares

Understanding excitation and charge transfer in disordered media is a significant challenge in chemistry, biophysics and material science. We study two experimentally-relevant measures for carriers transfer in finite-size chains, the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-09-18 Na'im Kalantar , Dvira Segal

First passage time (FPT) theory is often used to estimate timescales in cellular and molecular biology. While the overwhelming majority of studies have focused on the time it takes a given single Brownian searcher to reach a target,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-03-13 Sean D. Lawley , Jacob B. Madrid

We consider a discrete-time Markovian random walk with resets on a connected undirected network. The resets, in which the walker is relocated to randomly chosen nodes, are governed by an independent discrete-time renewal process. Some nodes…

These notes are devoted to fluctuations of one-dimensional random walks. We discuss various approaches to first-passage times and to the corresponding conditional distributions. After discussion of some classical methods, such as reflection…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-23 Denis Denisov , Vitali Wachtel

The mean first passage time, one of the important characteristics for a stochastic process, is often calculated assuming the observation time is infinite. However, in practice, the observation time, T, is always finite and the mean first…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-22 Ji-Hyun Kim , Hunki Lee , Sanggeun Song , Hye Ran Koh , Jaeyoung Sung

In many complex systems, for the activity f(i) of the constituents or nodes i, a power-law relationship was discovered between the standard deviation sigma(i) and the average strength of the activity: sigma(i) ~ <f(i)>^alpha; universal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Zoltan Eisler , Janos Kertesz

In this paper we propose a self-organized particle moving model on scale free network with the algorithm of the shortest path and preferential walk. The over-capacity property of the vertices in this particle moving system on complex…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 YunFeng Chang , Long Guo , Xu Cai

As known, the commonly-utilized ways to determine mean first-passage time $\overline{\mathcal{F}}$ for random walk on networks are mainly based on Laplacian spectra. However, methods of this type can become prohibitively complicated and…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-11-18 Fei Ma , Ping Wang

The emergence of heavy-tailed statistics in complex systems is conventionally attributed to non-local stochastic jumps or non-Markovian memory. Here, we present a one-dimensional random walk where power-law behaviors arise instead from a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-25 Henrique S. Lima , Evaldo M. F. Curado

Transportation and distribution networks are a class of spatial networks that have been of interest in recent years. These networks are often characterized by the presence of complex structures such as central loops paired with peripheral…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-23 Sebastiano Bontorin , Giulia Cencetti , Riccardo Gallotti , Bruno Lepri , Manlio De Domenico