Related papers: Universal Flow in the Early Stages at RHIC
Elliptic flow is an interesting probe of the dynamical evolution of the dense system formed in the ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elliptic flow dependences on transverse momentum,…
We investigate the effect of early chemical freeze-out on radial and elliptic flow by using a fully three dimensional hydrodynamic model. We find that the time evolution of temperature and the thermal freeze-out temperature dependence of…
We extend our previous investigation of the effects of pre-hydrodynamic evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions to smaller systems. We use a state-of-the-art hybrid model for the numerical simulations with optimal…
Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions at an energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 65 {\rm GeV}$ are studied in a three-dimensional Fluid Dynamical model. The results of a hydrodynamical evolution using the PIC-method are shown. The importance and…
Using next-to-leading order perturbative QCD and a conjecture of saturation to suppress the production of low-energy partons, we calculate the initial energy densities and formation times for the dissipative fluid dynamical evolution of the…
The pseudorapidity dependence of elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at 130 $A$ GeV is studied within a full three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the light-cone coordinate. First, we prepare two initial conditions in the hydrodynamic model…
The early dynamics in heavy-ion collisions involves a rapid, far from equilibrium evolution. This early pre-equilibrium stage of the dynamics can be modeled using kinetic equations. The effect of this pre-equilibrium stage on final…
RHIC data opens new ways of characterizing the medium created in a heavy ion collision by measuring particles with high transverse momentum. In addition to the observation of the predicted jet quenching, the new data on particle…
Anisotropic flow is recognized as one of the main observables providing information on the early dynamics in heavy-ion collisions. The large elliptic flow observed at RHIC is considered to be evidence for almost perfect liquid behavior of…
We discuss signatures of thermalisation in heavy ion collisions based on elliptic flow. We then propose a new method to analyse elliptic flow, based on multiparticle azimuthal correlations. This method allows one to test quantitatively the…
We review integrated dynamical approaches to describe heavy ion reaction as a whole at ultrarelativistic energies. Since final observables result from all the history of the reaction, it is important to describe all the stages of the…
The analysis of anisotropic flow of particles created in high energy heavy-ion collisions gives insight into the early stage of these reactions. Measurements of directed flow (v1), elliptic flow (v2) and flow of 4th and 6th order (v4 and…
An outstanding problem in heavy-ion collisions is the inability for models to accurately describe ultra-central experimental flow data, despite that being precisely the regime where a hydrodynamic description should be most applicable. We…
We discuss a number of prominent theoretical challenges in the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, and review some recent attempts to tackle them. These examples cover most stages of the collision process, but emphasis is…
It is shown that kinetic freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions invariably entails a non-trivial dependence of the freeze-out temperature on the collision centrality. The centrality independence of the chemical freeze-out…
Our recently developed 2+1 (boost-invariant) hydrodynamic model has been presented and used to i) describe the soft hadronic data collected in the central region of the relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and ii) to make predictions…
We consider the evolution of a parton plasma created in Au+Au collisions at LHC and at RHIC energies. Using Boltzmann equation, relaxation time approximation and perturbative QCD, we show the physics of both thermal and chemical…
A hydrodynamic + cascade model of relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented and compared to available hadronic data from the SPS to RHIC. The model consistently reproduces the radial and elliptic flow data for different particles,…
Flow develops in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions via re-interactions among partons or/and hadrons. Characterizing flow is a crucial step towards understanding the formation of partonic matter. We review new measurements on…
A model for energy, pressure and flow velocity distributions at the beginning of relativistic heavy ion collisions is presented, which can be used as initial condition for hydrodynamical calculations. The results show that QGP forms a…