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Related papers: Quantitative Theory of Grain Alignment: Probing Gr…

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Interstellar dust grains are non-spherical and, in some environments, partially aligned along the direction of the interstellar magnetic field. Numerous alignment theories have been proposed, all of which examine the grain rotational…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-15 Joseph C. Weingartner , Erald Kolasi , Cameron Woods

The observations of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background provide information about primordial inhomogeneities in the universe. However, the B-mode polarization of the inflationary gravitational wave is contaminated by the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-29 Yue Hu , Ka Ho Yuen , Alex Lazarian

The investigation of polarized light of protoplanetary disks is key for constraining the dust properties, disk morphology and embedded magnetic fields. However, different polarization mechanisms and the diversity of dust grain shapes and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 Robert Brunngräber , Sebastian Wolf

$\textit{Aims.}$ We present a case study to demonstrate the potential of multi-wavelength polarization measurements. The aim is to investigate the effects that dichroic polarization and thermal re-emission have on tracing the magnetic field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 S. Reissl , S. Wolf , D. Seifried

Observations of cosmic microwave background in the range 10-90 GHz have revealed an anomalous foreground component well correlated with 12 \mum, 60 \mum and 100 \mum emission from interstellar dust. As the recent cross-correlation analysis…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lazarian

We study the stability of charged dust grains orbiting a planet and subject to gravity and the electromagnetic force. Our numerical models cover a broad range of launch distances from the planetary surface to beyond synchronous orbit, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-01-18 Daniel Jontof-Hutter , Douglas P. Hamilton

The size of dust grains, $a$, is key to the physical and chemical processes in circumstellar disks, but observational constraints of grain size remain challenging. (Sub)millimeter continuum observations often show a percent-level…

We study the alignment of grains subject to both radiative torques and pinwheel torques while accounting for thermal flipping of grains. By pinwheel torques we refer to all systematic torques that are fixed in grain body axes, including the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 T. Hoang , A. Lazarian

Polarized dust emission outside of disks reveal the magnetic field morphology of molecular clouds. Within disks, however, polarized dust emission can arise from very different mechanisms (e.g., self-scattering), and each of them are useful…

Polarization-mode observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) are powerful tools for studying the dust grain populations in circumstellar disks. Many sources exhibit polarization signatures consistent with…

With the high-resolution spectroscopy now available in the optical and satellite UV, it is possible to determine the neutral/ionized column density ratios for several different elements in a single cloud. Assuming ionization equilibrium for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-06 Joseph C. Weingartner , B. T. Draine

The interaction between dust grains is an important process in fields as diverse as planetesimal formation or the plasma processing of silicon wafers into computer chips. This interaction depends in large part on the material properties of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2009-07-03 Jonathan Perry , Lorin Matthews , Truell Hyde

Dust grains drift through the interstellar medium (ISM) and are aligned with the magnetic field. Here we study the effect of grain alignment and grain motion on grain growth in molecular clouds (MCs). We first discuss the characteristic…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-06 Thiem Hoang

We present a comprehensive treatment of the spectrum of electric dipole emission from spinning dust grains, updating the commonly used model of Draine and Lazarian. Grain angular velocity distributions are computed using the Fokker-Planck…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-03 Y. Ali-Haïmoud , C. M. Hirata , C. Dickinson

We study the radial and vertical stability of dust grains launched with all charge-to-mass ratios at arbitrary distances from rotating planets with complex magnetic fields. We show that the aligned dipole magnetic field model analyzed by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-06-06 Daniel Jontof-Hutter , Douglas P. Hamilton

Paramagnetic alignment of fractal suprathermally rotating grains is discussed. It is shown that if the concentration of H$_{2}$formation sites is low and resurfacing is active, fractal structure of grains enhances their alignment. Studying…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lazarian

Recent research on the buildup of rocks from small dust grains has reaffirmed that grain growth in protoplanetary disks should occur quickly. Calculation of growth rates have been made for a variety of growth processes and generally predict…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Steven V. W. Beckwith , Thomas Henning , Yoshitsugu Nakagawa

The interaction between settling of dust grains and magnetorotational instability (MRI) turbulence in protoplanetary disks is analyzed. We use a reduced system of coupled ordinary differential equations to represent the interaction between…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Emmanuel Jacquet , Steven Balbus

Interstellar dust grains exhibit complex dynamics which is essential for understanding many key interstellar processes that involve dust, including grain alignment, grain growth, grain shattering etc. Grain rotational and translational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Lazarian , Huirong Yan

Multiscale phenomena which include several processes occuring simultaneously at different length scales and exchanging energy with each other, are widespread in magnetism. These phenomena often govern the magnetization reversal dynamics,…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-10-31 V. V. Dobrovitski , M. I. Katsnelson , B. N. Harmon