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We simulate atmospheric fractionation in escaping planetary atmospheres using IsoFATE, a new open-source numerical model. We expand the parameter space studied previously to planets with tenuous atmospheres that exhibit the greatest helium…
We present a path-integral Monte Carlo study of dissociation in dense hydrogen ($1.75 \leq r_s \leq 2.2$, with $r_s$ the Wigner sphere radius). As temperature is lowered from $10^5$ to 5000 K, a molecular hydrogen gas forms spontaneously…
An accurate value of the deuterium/hydrogen (D/H) ratio in the local interstellar medium (LISM) and a better understanding of the D/H variations with position in the Galactic disk can provide essential information on the primordial D/H…
Hydrodynamic outflows, such as those observed escaping close-in gas giant planets, are not isothermal in structure. Their highly ionized nature allows them to cool adiabatically at distances beyond several planetary radii. The contrast…
The abundances of major carbon and oxygen bearing gases in the atmospheres of giant exoplanets provide insights into atmospheric chemistry and planet formation processes. Thermochemistry suggests that methane should be the dominant…
In this review, I briefly summarize the present status of experimental and theoretical investigations of the properties of matter under conditions characteristic of planetary interiors, from terrestrial to jovian planets. I first focus on…
Conventional molecular dynamics simulation has been used to determine melting temperature of highly compressed classical molecular hydrogen in a wide range of pressures and temperatures using non-empirical atom-atom potentials…
The properties of hydrogen at high pressure have wide implications in astrophysics and high-pressure physics. Its phase change in the liquid is variously described as a metallization, H2-dissociation, density discontinuity or plasma phase…
As the closest transiting hot Jupiter to Earth, HD 189733b has been the benchmark planet for atmospheric characterization. It has also been the anchor point for much of our theoretical understanding of exoplanet atmospheres from…
Most of the molecules detected thus far in exoplanet atmospheres, such as water and CO, are present for a large range of pressures and temperatures. In contrast, metal hydrides exist in much more specific regimes of parameter space, and so…
We present a comprehensive analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope observations of the atmosphere of WASP-121 b, a ultra-hot Jupiter. After reducing the transit, eclipse, and phase-curve observations with a uniform methodology and addressing…
We perform modeling investigations to aid in understanding the atmospheres and composition of small planets of ~2-4 Earth radii, which are now known to be common in our galaxy. GJ 1214b is a well studied example whose atmospheric…
K2-18b, a sub-Neptune orbiting in the habitable zone of an M dwarf, has attracted significant interest following observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and, more recently, with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) that reveal…
The insulator-to-metal transition in dense fluid hydrogen is an essential phenomenon to understand gas giant planetary interiors and the physical and chemical behavior of highly compressed condensed matter. Using fast laser spectroscopy…
Aims. The main objective of this article is to provide a simple physical framework with permits a quantitative comparison of measurements of the temperature fluctuations in the ionized interstellar medium with possible mechanisms which can…
The temperature and density dependence of the $\rho-\omega$ mixing amplitude has been studied from a purely hadronic model. The in-medium baryon masses and chemical potentials have been obtained at the Mean Field (MF) Level and these…
Rocky planet atmospheres form and evolve through interactions between the planet's surface and interior. If a growing rocky planet acquires enough mass prior to the dissipation of the nebular gas disk, it can gravitationally capture a…
We present a 3D fully selfconsistent multi-fluid hydrodynamic aeronomy model to study the structure of a hydrogen dominated expanding upper atmosphere around the hot Jupiter HD 209458b and the warm Neptune GJ 436b. In comparison to previous…
For solar-system objects, ultraviolet spectroscopy has been critical in identifying sources for stratospheric heating and measuring the abundances of a variety of hydrocarbon and sulfur-bearing species, produced via photochemical…
The assumption of a spatially uniform helium distribution in the intracluster medium can lead to biases in the estimates of key cluster parameters if composition gradients are present. The helium concentration profile in galaxy clusters is…