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Given a statistical model, we propose a novel estimation method that yields randomised estimators for the unknown distribution of an observed random variable. We establish non-asymptotic bounds for the performance of these estimators and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-06 Yannick Baraud

We examine the conditions under which descriptive inference can be based directly on the observed distribution in a non-probability sample, under both the super-population and quasi-randomisation modelling approaches. Review of existing…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-02 Li-Chun Zhang

Survey data typically have missing values due to unit and item nonresponse. Sometimes, survey organizations know the marginal distributions of certain categorical variables in the survey. As shown in previous work, survey organizations can…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-01 Kewei Xu , Jerome P. Reiter

This work proposes a non-iterative strategy for missing value imputations which is guided by similarity between observations, but instead of explicitly determining distances or nearest neighbors, it assigns observations to overlapping…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-25 David Cortes

We study the empirical likelihood approach to construct confidence intervals for the optimal value and the optimality gap of a given solution, henceforth quantify the statistical uncertainty of sample average approximation, for optimization…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-10-25 Henry Lam , Enlu Zhou

We consider a longitudinal data structure consisting of baseline covariates, time-varying treatment variables, intermediate time-dependent covariates, and a possibly time dependent outcome. Previous studies have shown that estimating the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-09 Linh Tran , Maya Petersen , Joshua Schwab , Mark J van der Laan

We propose a general semi-supervised inference framework focused on the estimation of the population mean. As usual in semi-supervised settings, there exists an unlabeled sample of covariate vectors and a labeled sample consisting of…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-15 Anru Zhang , Lawrence D. Brown , T. Tony Cai

A model-assisted semiparametric method of estimating finite population totals is investigated to improve the precision of survey estimators by incorporating multivariate auxiliary information. The proposed superpopulation model is a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-19 Lily Wang

Doubly robust estimators have gained popularity in the field of causal inference due to their ability to provide consistent point estimates when either an outcome or exposure model is correctly specified. However, for nonrandomized…

Public-use survey data are an important source of information for researchers in social science and health studies to build statistical models and make inferences on the target finite population. This paper presents two general inferential…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-05-26 Puying Zhao , J. N. K. Rao , Changbao Wu

Non-probability sampling, for example in the form of online panels, has become a fast and cheap method to collect data. While reliable inference tools are available for classical probability samples, non-probability samples can yield…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-05 Gerhard Tutz

We propose two classes of nonparametric point estimators of $\theta=P(X<Y)$ in the case where $(X,Y)$ are paired, possibly dependent, absolutely continuous random variables. The proposed estimators are based on nonparametric estimators of…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-03-27 J. A. Montoya , F. J. Rubio

Nonresponse frequently arises in practice, and simply ignoring it may lead to erroneous inference. Besides, the number of collected covariates may increase as the sample size in modern statistics, so parametric imputation or propensity…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-29 Xin He , Xiaojun Mao , Zhonglei Wang

Adaptive experiments use preliminary analyses of the data to inform further course of action and are commonly used in many disciplines including medical and social sciences. Because the null hypothesis and experimental design are…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-26 Tobias Freidling , Qingyuan Zhao , Zijun Gao

The likelihood function plays a pivotal role in statistical inference; it is adaptable to a wide range of models and the resultant estimators are known to have good properties. However, these results hinge on correct specification of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Adam Jaeger , Nicole Lazar

A solution to control for nonresponse bias consists of multiplying the design weights of respondents by the inverse of estimated response probabilities to compensate for the nonrespondents. Maximum likelihood and calibration are two…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-27 Caren Hasler

Inverse probability weighting (IPW) is widely used in many areas when data are subject to unrepresentativeness, missingness, or selection bias. An inevitable challenge with the use of IPW is that the IPW estimator can be remarkably unstable…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-29 Yukun Liu , Yan Fan

Suppose we are interested in the mean of an outcome that is subject to nonignorable nonresponse. This paper develops new semiparametric estimation methods with instrumental variables which affect nonresponse, but not the outcome. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-20 Baoluo Sun , Wang Miao , Deshanee S. Wickramarachchi

The objective of this work is to quantify the uncertainty in probability of failure estimates resulting from incomplete knowledge of the probability distributions for the input random variables. We propose a framework that couples the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-10-26 Dimitris G. Giovanis , Michael Shields

Nonresponse after probability sampling is a universal challenge in survey sampling, often necessitating adjustments to mitigate sampling and selection bias simultaneously. This study explored the removal of bias and effective utilization of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-13 Kosuke Morikawa , Kenji Beppu , Wataru Aida