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Related papers: Propagation of outliers in multivariate data

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Standard classification theory assumes that the distribution of images in the test and training sets are identical. Unfortunately, real-life scenarios typically feature unseen data (``out-of-distribution data") which is different from data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Gianluca Barone , Aashrit Cunchala , Rudy Nunez

The presence of outlying observations may adversely affect statistical testing procedures that result in unstable test statistics and unreliable inferences depending on the distortion in parameter estimates. In spite of the fact that the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-19 Beste Hamiye Beyaztas , Soutir Bandyopadhyay , Abhijit Mandal

The panel data regression models have gained increasing attention in different areas of research including but not limited to econometrics, environmental sciences, epidemiology, behavioral and social sciences. However, the presence of…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-11-24 Beste Hamiye Beyaztas , Soutir Bandyopadhyay

The sample covariance matrix is a cornerstone of multivariate statistics, but it is highly sensitive to outliers. These can be casewise outliers, such as cases belonging to a different population, or cellwise outliers, which are deviating…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-27 Fabio Centofanti , Mia Hubert , Peter J. Rousseeuw

Statistical inference on the explained variation of an outcome by a set of covariates is of particular interest in practice. When the covariates are of moderate to high-dimension and the effects are not sparse, several approaches have been…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-24 Hua Yun Chen

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical for ensuring the reliability of deep learning systems, particularly in safety-critical applications. Likelihood-based deep generative models have historically faced criticism for their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Yifan Ding , Arturas Aleksandraus , Amirhossein Ahmadian , Jonas Unger , Fredrik Lindsten , Gabriel Eilertsen

Estimating the generalization performance is practically challenging on out-of-distribution (OOD) data without ground-truth labels. While previous methods emphasize the connection between distribution difference and OOD accuracy, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Renchunzi Xie , Hongxin Wei , Lei Feng , Yuzhou Cao , Bo An

The joint estimation of means and scatter matrices is often a core problem in multivariate analysis. In order to overcome robustness issues, such as outliers from Gaussian assumption, M-estimators are now preferred to the traditional sample…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-01-24 Bruno Mériaux , Chengfang Ren , Mohammed Nabil El Korso , Arnaud Breloy , Philippe Forster

When neural networks are employed for high-stakes decision-making, it is desirable that they provide explanations for their prediction in order for us to understand the features that have contributed to the decision. At the same time, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Penny Chong , Ngai-Man Cheung , Yuval Elovici , Alexander Binder

Multivariate extreme value statistical analysis is concerned with observations on several variables which are thought to possess some degree of tail-dependence. In areas such as the modeling of financial and insurance risks, or as the…

Applications · Statistics 2014-12-31 Alexis Bienvenüe , Christian Y. Robert

We study the problem of robust estimation under heterogeneous corruption rates, where each sample may be independently corrupted with a known but non-identical probability. This setting arises naturally in distributed and federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Syomantak Chaudhuri , Jerry Li , Thomas A. Courtade

Sparse estimation methods capable of tolerating outliers have been broadly investigated in the last decade. We contribute to this research considering high-dimensional regression problems contaminated by multiple mean-shift outliers which…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Luca Insolia , Ana Kenney , Francesca Chiaromonte , Giovanni Felici

We study the problem of estimating causal effects under hidden confounding in the following unpaired data setting: we observe some covariates $X$ and an outcome $Y$ under different experimental conditions (environments) but do not observe…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-22 Felix Schur , Niklas Pfister , Peng Ding , Sach Mukherjee , Jonas Peters

Statistical models that include random effects are commonly used to analyze longitudinal and correlated data, often with strong and parametric assumptions about the random effects distribution. There is marked disagreement in the literature…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-01-11 Charles E. McCulloch , John M. Neuhaus

Ordinal response model is a popular and commonly used regression for ordered categorical data in a wide range of fields such as medicine and social sciences. However, it is empirically known that the existence of ``outliers'', combinations…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-15 Tomotaka Momozaki , Tomoyuki Nakagawa

Visual representations underlie object recognition tasks, but they often contain both robust and non-robust features. Our main observation is that image classifiers may perform poorly on out-of-distribution samples because spurious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Chengzhi Mao , Kevin Xia , James Wang , Hao Wang , Junfeng Yang , Elias Bareinboim , Carl Vondrick

Robustness in terms of outliers is an important topic and has been formally studied for a variety of problems in machine learning and computer vision. Generalized median computation is a special instance of consensus learning and a common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Andreas Nienkötter , Sandro Vega-Pons , Xiaoyi Jiang

Sources of bias in empirical studies can be separated in those coming from the modelling domain (e.g. multicollinearity) and those coming from outliers. We propose a two-step approach to counter both issues. First, by decontaminating data…

General Economics · Economics 2019-02-14 Mathias Kloss , Thomas Kirschstein , Steffen Liebscher , Martin Petrick

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is a complicated problem due to the idiosyncrasies of possible distribution shifts between training and test domains. Most benchmarks employ diverse datasets to address this issue; however, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Kaican Li , Yifan Zhang , Lanqing Hong , Zhenguo Li , Nevin L. Zhang

Smart metering infrastructures collect data almost continuously in the form of fine-grained long time series. These massive data series often have common daily patterns that are repeated between similar days or seasons and shared among…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-10 A. Elías , J. M. Morales , S. Pineda