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We carry out a combined analysis of elliptic and triangular flow data using viscous relativistic hydrodynamics. We show that these data allow to put tight constraints on models of the early dynamics of a nucleus-nucleus collision.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-01-10 Ekaterina Retinskaya , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

A recently formulated framework of highly-anisotropic and strongly-dissipative hydrodynamics (ADHYDRO) is used to describe the evolution of matter created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. New developments of the model contain:…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-27 Radoslaw Ryblewski , Wojciech Florkowski

Hydrodynamics predicts long-lived sound and shear waves. Thermal fluctuations in these waves can lead to the diffusion of momentum density, contributing to the shear viscosity and other transport coefficients. Within viscous hydrodynamics…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-08-04 Pavel Kovtun , Guy D. Moore , Paul Romatschke

We derive relativistic viscous hydrodynamic equations invoking the generalized second law of thermodynamics for two different forms of the non-equilibrium single-particle distribution function. We find that the relaxation times in these two…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-10-17 Rajeev S. Bhalerao , Amaresh Jaiswal , Subrata Pal , V. Sreekanth

We review several facets of the hydrodynamic description of the relativistic heavy ion collisions, starting from the historical motivation to the present understandings of the observed collective aspects of experimental data, especially…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-12-04 Rafael Derradi de Souza , Tomoi Koide , Takeshi Kodama

We develop a combined hydro-kinetic approach which incorporates a hydrodynamical expansion of the systems formed in \textit{A}+\textit{A} collisions and their dynamical decoupling described by escape probabilities. The method corresponds to…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 S. V. Akkelin , Y. Hama , Iu. A. Karpenko , Yu. M. Sinyukov

We extend our previous investigation of the effects of pre-hydrodynamic evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions to smaller systems. We use a state-of-the-art hybrid model for the numerical simulations with optimal…

Space-time evolution and subsequent particle production from minimally viscous ($\eta/s$=0.08) QGP fluid is studied using the 2nd order Israel-Stewart's theory of dissipative relativistic fluid. Compared to ideal fluid, energy density or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. K. Chaudhuri

We formulate a general theory of thermal fluctuations within causal second-order viscous hydrodynamic evolution of matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The fluctuation is treated perturbatively on top of a boost-invariant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-05-16 Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Rajeev S. Bhalerao , Subrata Pal

We propose that the space-time evolution of strongly coupled matter formed by ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions can be modelled by phenomenological equations involving the energy-momentum tensor and conserved currents alone. These…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-11-18 Ramakrishnan Iyer , Ayan Mukhopadhyay

We compute the time evolution of elliptic flow in non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions, using a (2+1)-dimensional code with longitudinal boost-invariance to simulate viscous fluid dynamics in the causal Israel-Stewart formulation.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Huichao Song , Ulrich W. Heinz

The evolution of a relativistic heavy-ion collision is typically understood as a process that transmutes the initial geometry of the system into the final momentum distribution of observed hadrons, which can be described via a cumulant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-02-03 Jefferson Sousa , Jorge Noronha , Matthew Luzum

A full (3+1)-dimensional calculation using the Lagrangian hydrodynamics is proposed for relativistic nuclear collisions. The calculation enables us to evaluate anisotropic flow of hadronic matter which appears in non-central and/or…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-09-13 Chiho Nonaka , Eiji Honda , Shin Muroya

We consider second-order evolution equations in an abstract setting with damping and time delay and give sufficient conditions ensuring exponential stability. Our abstract framework is then applied to the wave equation, the elasticity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2013-08-26 Serge Nicaise , Cristina Pignotti

Theoretical studies on the early-time dynamics in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are reviewed including pedagogical introductions on the initial condition with small-x gluons treated as a color glass condensate, the bottom-up…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Kenji Fukushima

Carroll hydrodynamics arises in the $c\to 0$ limit of relativistic hydrodynamics. Instances of its relevance include the Bjorken and Gubser flow models of heavy-ion collisions, where the ultrarelativistic nature of the flow makes the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-13 Kedar S. Kolekar , Taniya Mandal , Ashish Shukla , Pushkar Soni

Evolution process could be calculated from the relativistic hydrodynamic equation with certain estimated initial conditions about a single spherical fireball here. So one could estimate a kind of initial condition qualitatively with a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Hong Miao , Zhongbiao Ma , Chongshou Gao

The hydrodynamic model for the expansion of the fireball in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is presented. Calculations using relativistic hydrodynamics of a fluid with small viscosity yield a satisfactory description of the experimental…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-06-18 Piotr Bozek

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been extensively applied to high energy heavy-ion collisions. We review hydrodynamic calculations for Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies and provide a comprehensive comparison between the model and experimental…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter F. Kolb , Ulrich Heinz

We study universal features of the hydrodynamization process in heavy-ion collisions using QCD kinetic theory simulations for a wide range of couplings. We introduce the new concept of limiting attractors, which are obtained by…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-25 Kirill Boguslavski , Aleksi Kurkela , Tuomas Lappi , Florian Lindenbauer , Jarkko Peuron
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