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Related papers: Irreducibility in RNA structures

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RNA design shows growing applications in synthetic biology and therapeutics, driven by the crucial role of RNA in various biological processes. A fundamental challenge is to find functional RNA sequences that satisfy given structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-04-18 Han Huang , Ziqian Lin , Dongchen He , Liang Hong , Yu Li

Ab initio RNA secondary structure predictions have long dismissed helices interior to loops, so-called pseudoknots, despite their structural importance. Here, we report that many pseudoknots can be predicted through long time scales RNA…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. Xayaphoummine , T. Bucher , F. Thalmann , H. Isambert

The relationship between sequences and secondary structures or shapes in RNA exhibits robust statistical properties summarized by three notions: (1) the notion of a typical shape (that among all sequences of fixed length certain shapes are…

Biological Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Peter Schuster , Walter Fontana

Consider the network of all secondary structures of a given RNA sequence, where nodes are connected when the corresponding structures have base pair distance one. The expected degree of the network is the average number of neighbors, where…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2014-11-04 Peter Clote

mRNA technology has revolutionized vaccine development, protein replacement therapies, and cancer immunotherapies, offering rapid production and precise control over sequence and efficacy. However, the inherent instability of mRNA poses…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-26 Max Ward , Mary Richardson , Mihir Metkar

In this paper we study properties of topological RNA structures, i.e.~RNA contact structures with cross-serial interactions that are filtered by their topological genus. RNA secondary structures within this framework are topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-23 Thomas J. X. Li , Christian M. Reidys

We present a numerical study of the ultrametric properties of the set of RNA secondary structures with the maximum number of base pairs (energetically degenerate minima) within the maximum matching model (Nussinov algorithm). Using 18…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-27 A. P. Zubarev

We extend recent methods for parametric sequence alignment to the parameter space for scoring RNA folds. This involves the construction of an RNA polytope. A vertex of this polytope corresponds to RNA secondary structures with common…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-04-24 Valerie Hower , Christine E. Heitsch

Background: RNA exhibits a variety of structural configurations. Here we consider a structure to be tantamount to the noncrossing Watson-Crick and \pairGU-base pairings (secondary structure) and additional cross-serial base pairs. These…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-11 James Z. M. Gao , Linda Y. M. Li , Christian M. Reidys

The contact map of a protein fold is a graph that represents the patterns of contacts in the fold. It is known that the contact map can be decomposed into stacks and queues. RNA secondary structures are special stacks in which the degree of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-05 William Y. C. Chen , Qiang-Hui Guo , Lisa H. Sun , Jian Wang

There exists many complicated $k$-noncrossing pseudoknot RNA structures in nature based on some special conditions. The special characteristic of RNA structures gives us great challenges in researching the enumeration, prediction and the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-11-23 Yangyang Zhao

An endhered (end-adhered) pattern is a subset of arcs in matchings, such that the corresponding starting points are consecutive and the same holds for the ending points. Such patterns are in one-to-one correspondence with the permutations.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Célia Biane , Greg Hampikian , Sergey Kirgizov , Khaydar Nurligareev

We present a novel topological classification of RNA secondary structures with pseudoknots. It is based on the topological genus of the circular diagram associated to the RNA base-pair structure. The genus is a positive integer number,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Michael Bon , Graziano Vernizzi , Henri Orland , A. Zee

The statistical mechanics of heteropolymer structure formation is studied in the context of RNA secondary structures. A designed RNA sequence biased energetically towards a particular native structure (a hairpin) is used to study the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 R. Bundschuh , T. Hwa

Accurate RNA structure modeling remains difficult because RNA backbones are highly flexible, non-canonical interactions are prevalent, and experimentally determined 3D structures are comparatively scarce. We introduce \emph{RiboSphere}, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zhou Zhang , Hanqun Cao , Cheng Tan , Fang Wu , Pheng Ann Heng , Tianfan Fu

Formation of base pairs between the nucleotides of an RNA sequence gives rise to a complex and often highly branched RNA structure. While numerous studies have demonstrated the functional importance of the high degree of RNA branching --…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-06-21 Domen Vaupotič , Angelo Rosa , Luca Tubiana , Anže Božič

We introduce RNA-FrameFlow, the first generative model for 3D RNA backbone design. We build upon SE(3) flow matching for protein backbone generation and establish protocols for data preparation and evaluation to address unique challenges…

Mechanical unfolding of RNA structures, ranging from hairpins to ribozymes, using laser optical tweezer (LOT) experiments have begun to reveal the features of the energy landscape that cannot be easily explored using conventional…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-11-13 Changbong Hyeon , D. Thirumalai

Predicting the secondary structure of RNA is a core challenge in computational biology, essential for understanding molecular function and designing novel therapeutics. The field has evolved from foundational but accuracy-limited…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-20 Giuseppe Sacco , Giovanni Bussi , Guido Sanguinetti

It has been shown that minimum free energy structure for RNAs and RNA-RNA interaction is often incorrect due to inaccuracies in the energy parameters and inherent limitations of the energy model. In contrast, ensemble based quantities such…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2013-01-09 Hamidreza Chitsaz , Elmirasadat Forouzmand , Gholamreza Haffari