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In this article, we compare in detail the linear and nonlinear approach to the Gravitational Waves Displacement and Velocity Memory (GWDM and GWVM) effects. We consider astrophysical situations that give rise to gravitational waves with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Lydia Bieri , Alexander Polnarev

In August 2017, the first detection of a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, made it possible to study neutron stars in compact binary systems using gravitational waves. Despite being the loudest gravitational wave event detected to date…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-01-24 Stephanie M. Brown , Collin D. Capano , Badri Krishnan

Gravitational wave detection requires an in-depth understanding of the physical properties of gravitational wave signals, and the noise from which they are extracted. Understanding the statistical properties of noise is a complex endeavor,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-05 Wei Wei , E. A. Huerta

This paper reviews gravitational wave sources and their detection. One of the most exciting potential sources of gravitational waves are coalescing binary black hole systems. They can occur on all mass scales and be formed in numerous ways,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-02-19 Hyung Mok Lee , Eric-Olivier Le Bigot , ZhiHui Du , ZhangXi Lin , XiangYu Guo , LinQing Wen , Khun Sang Phukon , Vihan Pandey , Sukanta Bose , Xi-Long Fan , Martin Hendry

Anisotropic bursts of gravitational radiation produced by events such as super-massive black hole mergers leave permanent imprints on space. Such gravitational wave "memory" (GWM) signals are, in principle, detectable through pulsar timing…

Gravitational-wave displacement memory is a remarkable and ubiquitous phenomenon predicted by general relativity, which has not yet been detected. Unlike the oscillatory components of gravitational waveforms, displacement memory is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Yan Cao , Yong-Liang Ma , Yong Tang

In the first paper in this series, we introduced "persistent gravitational wave observables" as a framework for generalizing the gravitational wave memory effect. These observables are nonlocal in time and nonzero in the presence of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-20 Éanna É. Flanagan , Alexander M. Grant , Abraham I. Harte , David A. Nichols

Numerical relativists can now produce gravitational waveforms with memory effects routinely and accurately. The gravitational-wave memory effect contains very low-frequency components, including a persistent offset. The presence of these…

Is the graviton massless? This problem was addressed in the literature at a phenomenological level, using modified dispersion relations for gravitational waves, in linearized calculations around flat space. Here, we perform a detailed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-26 Vitor Cardoso , Gonçalo Castro , Andrea Maselli

The orbital evolution of a binary system consisting of two primordial black hole clusters is investigated. Such clusters are predicted in some theoretical models with broken symmetry in the inflation Lagrangian. A cluster consists of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-07 Yury Eroshenko , Viktor Stasenko

The gravitational waves emitted by a perturbed black hole ringing down are well described by damped sinusoids, whose frequencies are those of quasinormal modes. Typically, first-order black hole perturbation theory is used to calculate…

Gravitational waves carry energy, angular momentum, and linear momentum. In generic binary black hole mergers, the loss of linear momentum imparts a recoil velocity, or a "kick", to the remnant black hole. We exploit recent advances in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 Vijay Varma , Maximiliano Isi , Sylvia Biscoveanu

The waveforms from binary black hole mergers include inspiral, merger, and ringdown parts. Usually, the inspiral waveform can be obtained by calibrating from post-Newtonian approximation; The merger and ringdown ones can be gotten from the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-15 Song Li , Wen-Biao Han

The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity, degenerate vacua, and asymptotic symmetries; its detection is considered challenging. We propose using the space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-13 Shaoqi Hou , Zhi-Chao Zhao , Zhoujian Cao , Zong-Hong Zhu

We present a fully nonlinear calculation of the waveform of the gravitational radiation emitted in the fission of a vacuum white hole. At early times, the waveforms agree with close-approximation perturbative calculations but they reveal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Roberto Gomez , Sascha Husa , Luis Lehner , Jeffrey Winicour

Gravitational waves emitted by black hole binary inspiral and mergers enable unprecedented strong-field tests of gravity, requiring accurate theoretical modelling of the expected signals in extensions of General Relativity. In this paper we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-02-02 Banafsheh Shiralilou , Tanja Hinderer , Samaya Nissanke , Néstor Ortiz , Helvi Witek

Gravitational memory provides a distinctive low-frequency probe of gravity, but explicit merger studies beyond general relativity remain limited. In this work, we investigate memory from binary black hole mergers in Ricci-coupled…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-11 Jann Zosso , Silvia Gasparotto , Llibert Aresté Saló , Daniela D. Doneva , Stoytcho S. Yazadjiev

Gravitational waves are rapidly becoming a very reliable tool for testing alternative theories of gravity. In particular, features in the gravitational wave emission during black hole ringdown phase provide a direct probe of the spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-03 Ruifeng Dong , Dejan Stojkovic

The usual gravitational wave memory effect can be understood as a change in the separation of two initially comoving observers due to a burst of gravitational waves. Over the past few decades, a wide variety of other, "persistent"…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-30 Alexander M. Grant

The gravitational-wave GW170817 is associated to the inspiral phase of a binary neutron star coalescence event. The LIGO-Virgo detectors sensitivity at high frequencies was not sufficient to detect the signal corresponding to the merger and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-02-12 Michalis Agathos , Francesco Zappa , Sebastiano Bernuzzi , Albino Perego , Matteo Breschi , David Radice
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