Related papers: Cyclinacs: Fast-Cycling Accelerators for Hadronthe…
Charged particle therapy, or so-called hadrontherapy, is developing very rapidly. There is large pressure on the scientific community to deliver dedicated accelerators, providing the best possible treatment modalities at the lowest cost. In…
In particle therapy with protons a cyclotron is one of the most used particle accelerators. Here it will be explained how a cyclotron works, some beam dynamics aspects, its major subsystems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of a…
Cancer therapy using protons and heavier ions such as carbon has demonstrated advantages over other radiotherapy treatments. To bring about the next generation of clinical facilities, the requirements are likely to reduce the footprint,…
Hadrontherapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs beams of charged hadrons, protons and carbon ions in particular. Due to their physical and radiobiological properties, they allow one to obtain a more conformal…
Radio-frequency linear accelerators are used as injectors for synchrotrons and as stand-alone accelerators for the production of intense particle beams, thanks to their ability to accelerate high beam currents at high repetition rates. This…
We propose an innovative linear accelerating structure, particularly suited for hadrontherapy applications. Its two main features are compactness and good power efficiency at low beam velocities: the first is achieved through a high working…
This paper reviews the important physical and technological aspects of cyclotrons for the acceleration of high-intensity beams. Special emphasis is given to the discussion of beam loss mechanisms and extraction schemes.
The creation of intense radioactive beams requires intense and energetic primary beams. A task force analysis of this subject recommended an acceleration system capable of 400 MeV/u uranium at 1 particle uA as an appropriate driver for such…
The conceptual design of a Variable-Phase Asynchronous Cyclotron (VPAC) is describe, which provides longitudinal bunch compression of accelerated proton or ion beams, and thus, permits high current acceleration at higher accelerator…
The Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Plasma ACcelerator (ECRIPAC) is an original concept for a plasma-based particle accelerator able to generate pulsed ion beams with adjustable energy, targeting mostly medical applications. This paper…
The low relative charge-to-mass ratio offset of 0.065% between fully ionized helium-4 and carbon-12 ions enables simultaneous acceleration in hadron therapy synchrotrons. At the same energy per mass, helium ions exhibit a stopping range…
In this paper, we give some guidelines for the design of linear accelerators, with special emphasis on their use in a hadron therapy facility. We concentrate on two accelerator layouts, based on linacs. The conventional one based on a linac…
In this paper, we give an overview of the different types of linac accelerators, with special emphasis on their use for a hadron-therapy facility.
High-frequency hadron-therapy linacs have been studied for the last 20 years and are now being built for dedicated proton-therapy centres. The main reason for using high-frequency linacs, in spite of the small apertures and low-duty cycle,…
Laser acceleration promises innovation in particle beam therapy of cancer where an ultra-compact accelerator system for cancer beam therapy can become affordable to a broad range of patients. This is not feasible without the introduction of…
It has been known for about sixty years that proton and heavy ion therapy is a very powerful radiation procedure for treating tumours. It has an innate ability to irradiate tumours with greater doses and spatial selectivity compared with…
To date, linear accelerators (linacs) as electron sources used to produce ionizing radiation for industrial purposes have been limited to less than 100 kW. When the electron beam is used directly, this is sufficient for most potential…
Experimental results and simulation models show that crystals might play a relevant role for the development of new generations of high-energy and high-intensity particle accelerators and might disclose innovative possibilities at existing…
Theoretical investigations show that linearly and radially polarized multiterawatt and petawatt laser beams, focused to subwavelength waist radii, can directly accelerate protons and carbon nuclei, over micron-size distances, to the…
A linac (linear accelerator) is a system that allows to accelerate charged particles through a linear trajectory by electromagnetic fields. This kind of accelerator finds several applications in fundamental research and industry. The main…