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We consider that a network is an observation, and a collection of observed networks forms a sample. In this setting, we provide methods to test whether all observations in a network sample are drawn from a specified model. We achieve this…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-04-17 P-A. G. Maugis , Carey E. Priebe , S. C. Olhede , P. J. Wolfe

A spin system is a sequence of self-adjoint unitary operators $U_1,U_2,...$ acting on a Hilbert space $H$ which either commute or anticommute, $U_iU_j=\pm U_jU_i$ for all $i,j$; it is is called irreducible when $\{U_1,U_2,...\}$ is an…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2007-05-23 William Arveson , Geoffrey Price

We review the q-deformed spin network approach to topological quantum field theory and apply these methods to produce unitary representations of the braid groups that are dense in the unitary groups. The simplest case of these models is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Louis H. Kauffman , Samuel J. Lomonaco

We connect Braided Ribbon Networks to the states of loop quantum gravity. Using this connection we present the reduced link as an invariant which captures information from the embedding of the spin-networks. We also present a means of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-06-28 Jonathan Hackett

We review the q-deformed spin network approact to Topological Quantum Field Theory and apply these methods to produce unitary representations of the braid groups that are dense in the unitary groups. These methods produce a concise proof…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Louis H. Kauffman , Samuel J. Lomonaco

This paper is twofold. First of all a complete unified picture of $n$-dimensional quantum gravity is proposed in the following sense: In spin foam models of quantum gravity the evaluation of spin networks play a very important role. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Manuel Garcia-Islas

Quantum states of geometry in loop quantum gravity are defined as spin networks, which are graph dressed with SU(2) representations. A spin network edge carries a half-integer spin, representing basic quanta of area, and the standard…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-09-04 Etera R. Livine

\emph{Effective} gauge fields arise in the description of the dynamics of defects in lattices of graphene in condensed matter. The interactions between neighboring nodes of a lattice/spin-network are described by the Hubbard model whose…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-09-04 Deepak Vaid

Networks constitute efficient tools for assessing universal features of complex systems. In physical contexts, classical as well as quantum, networks are used to describe a wide range of phenomena, such as phase transitions, intricate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-22 Jaroslav Novotný , Gernot Alber , Igor Jex

The four-bar linkage is a basic arrangement of mechanical engineering and represents the simplest movable system formed by a closed sequence of bar-shaped bodies. Although the mechanism can have in general a spatial arrangement, we focus…

Variational algorithms require architectures that naturally constrain the optimization space to run efficiently. Geometric quantum machine learning achieves this goal by encoding group structure into parameterized quantum circuits to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Richard D. P. East , Guillermo Alonso-Linaje , Chae-Yeun Park

This is a late answer to question #79 by R.I. Khrapko, "Does plane wave not carry a spin?," Am. J. Phys. /69/, 405 (2001), and a complement (on gauge invariance, massive spin 1 and 1/2, and massless spin 2 fields) to the paper by H.C.…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Andre Gsponer

Signed networks provide a principled framework for representing systems in which interactions are not merely present or absent but qualitatively distinct: friendly or antagonistic, supportive or conflicting, excitatory or inhibitory. This…

The study of toy models in loop quantum gravity (LQG), defined as truncations of the full theory, is relevant to both the development of the LQG phenomenology, in cosmology and astrophysics, and the progress towards the resolution of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-13 Eneko Aranguren , Iñaki Garay , Etera R. Livine

A network is a typical expressive form of representing complex systems in terms of vertices and links, in which the pattern of interactions amongst components of the network is intricate. The network can be static that does not change over…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Hayat Dino Bedru , Shuo Yu , Xinru Xiao , Da Zhang , Liangtian Wan , He Guo , Feng Xia

Spin (spherical) random fields are very important in many physical applications, in particular they play a key role in Cosmology, especially in connection with the analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation. These objects can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Antonio Lerario , Domenico Marinucci , Maurizia Rossi , Michele Stecconi

Estimates are given of the time scales which govern spreading of a coherent state wave packet. The estimates, based on dimensional analysis, suggest that spreading should be small for coherent states with average angular momentum of order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-07-08 Donald E. Neville

Spin models of neural networks and genetic networks are considered elegant as they are accessible to statistical mechanics tools for spin glasses and magnetic systems. However, the conventional choice of variables in spin systems may cause…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2012-12-10 Matthias Rybarsch , Stefan Bornholdt

Building on the mapping of large-$S$ spin chains onto the O($3$) nonlinear $\sigma$ model with coupling constant $2/S$, and on general properties of that model (asymptotic freedom, implying that perturbation theory is valid at high energy,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-07-22 Samuel Gozel , Frédéric Mila , Ian Affleck

Reconstructing the states of the nodes of a dynamical network is a problem of fundamental importance in the study of neuronal and genetic networks. An underlying related problem is that of observability, i.e., identifying the conditions…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2017-03-31 Afroza Shirin , Dionicio F. Rios , Francesco Sorrentino