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We consider how to assign labels to any undirected graph with n nodes such that, given the labels of two nodes and no other information regarding the graph, it is possible to determine the distance between the two nodes. The challenge in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-20 Stephen Alstrup , Cyril Gavoille , Esben Bistrup Halvorsen , Holger Petersen

Given a gene tree and a species tree, ancestral configurations represent the combinatorially distinct sets of gene lineages that can reach a given node of the species tree. They have been introduced as a data structure for use in the…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2016-10-25 Filippo Disanto , Noah A. Rosenberg

We define simple variants of zip trees, called zip-zip trees, which provide several advantages over zip trees, including overcoming a bias that favors smaller keys over larger ones. We analyze zip-zip trees theoretically and empirically,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ofek Gila , Michael T. Goodrich , Robert E. Tarjan

Large tree structures are ubiquitous and real-world relational datasets often have information associated with nodes (e.g., labels or other attributes) and edges (e.g., weights or distances) that need to be communicated to the viewers. Yet,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Kathryn Gray , Mingwei Li , Reyan Ahmed , Md. Khaledur Rahman , Ariful Azad , Stephen Kobourov , Katy Börner

We consider the problem of estimating the conditional probability of a label in time $O(\log n)$, where $n$ is the number of possible labels. We analyze a natural reduction of this problem to a set of binary regression problems organized in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2009-06-04 Alina Beygelzimer , John Langford , Yuri Lifshits , Gregory Sorkin , Alex Strehl

In the online labeling problem with parameters n and m we are presented with a sequence of n keys from a totally ordered universe U and must assign each arriving key a label from the label set {1,2,...,m} so that the order of labels…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-10-12 Martin Babka , Jan Bulánek , Vladimír Čunát , Michal Koucký , Michael Saks

We consider the problem of estimating the conditional probability of a label in time O(log n), where n is the number of possible labels. We analyze a natural reduction of this problem to a set of binary regression problems organized in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-08-12 Alina Beygelzimer , John Langford , Yuri Lifshits , Gregory Sorkin , Alexander L. Strehl

Unranked trees can be represented using their minimal dag (directed acyclic graph). For XML this achieves high compression ratios due to their repetitive mark up. Unranked trees are often represented through first child/next sibling (fcns)…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-09-24 Mireille Bousquet-Melou , Markus Lohrey , Sebastian Maneth , Eric Noeth

We introduce a cluster evaluation technique called Tree Index. Our Tree Index algorithm aims at describing the structural information of the clustering rather than the quantitative format of cluster-quality indexes (where the representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-25 A. H. Beg , Md Zahidul Islam , Vladimir Estivill-Castro

The node-averaged complexity of a problem captures the number of rounds nodes of a graph have to spend on average to solve the problem in the LOCAL model. A challenging line of research with regards to this new complexity measure is to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Alkida Balliu , Sebastian Brandt , Fabian Kuhn , Dennis Olivetti , Gustav Schmid

Finding the shortest-path distance between two arbitrary vertices is an important problem in road networks. Due to real-time traffic conditions, road networks undergo dynamic changes all the time. Current state-of-the-art methods…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Henning Koehler , Muhammad Farhan , Qing Wang

We consider labeling nodes of a directed graph for reachability queries. A reachability labeling scheme for such a graph assigns a binary string, called a label, to each node. Then, given the labels of nodes $u$ and $v$ and no other…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Maciej Dulęba , Paweł Gawrychowski , Wojciech Janczewski

Sorting is a foundational problem in computer science that is typically employed on sequences or total orders. More recently, a more general form of sorting on partially ordered sets (or posets), where some pairs of elements are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Jishnu Roychoudhury , Jatin Yadav

In 1989 Erd\H{o}s and Sz\'ekely showed that there is a bijection between (i) the set of rooted trees with $n+1$ vertices whose leaves are bijectively labeled with the elements of $[\ell]=\{1,2,\dots,\ell\}$ for some $\ell \leq n$, and (ii)…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vincent Moulton , Andreas Spillner

Minimum spanning trees (MSTs) provide a convenient representation of datasets in numerous pattern recognition activities. Moreover, they are relatively fast to compute. In this paper, we quantify the extent to which they are meaningful in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Marek Gagolewski , Anna Cena , Maciej Bartoszuk , Łukasz Brzozowski

We present a novel self-stabilizing algorithm for minimum spanning tree (MST) construction. The space complexity of our solution is $O(\log^2n)$ bits and it converges in $O(n^2)$ rounds. Thus, this algorithm improves the convergence time of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2013-11-05 Lélia Blin , Shlomi Dolev , Maria Gradinariu Potop-Butucaru , Stephane Rovedakis

Motivated by the problem of maintaining data structures for a large sets of points that are evolving over the course of time, we consider the problem of maintaining a set of labels assigned to the vertices of a tree, where the locations of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Aditya Acharya , David M. Mount

We consider two fundamental communication tasks in arbitrary radio networks: broadcasting (information from one source has to reach all nodes) and gossiping (every node has a message and all messages have to reach all nodes). Nodes are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Adam Gańczorz , Tomasz Jurdziński , Andrzej Pelc

A chief problem in phylogenetics and database theory is the computation of a maximum consistent tree from a set of rooted or unrooted trees. A standard input are triplets, rooted binary trees on three leaves, or quartets, unrooted binary…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2010-05-31 Leo van Iersel , Matthias Mnich

Codes over trees were introduced recently to bridge graph theory and coding theory with diverse applications in computer science and beyond. A central challenge lies in determining the maximum number of labelled trees over $n$ nodes with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-10 Yanzhi Li , Wenjie Zhong , Tingting Chen , Xiande Zhang