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We argue that, when a theory of gravity and matter is endowed with (classical) conformal symmetry, the fine tuning required to obtain the cosmological constant at its observed value can be significantly reduced. Once tuned, the cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-23 Stefano Lucat , Tomislav Prokopec , Bogumila Swiezewska

We argue that scale invariance is not anomalous in quantum field theory, provided it is broken cosmologically. We consider a locally scale invariant extension of the Standard Model of particle physics and argue that it fits both the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-08-19 Pankaj Jain , Subhadip Mitra

The energy density of the universe today may be dominated by the vacuum energy of a slowly rolling scalar field. Making a quantum expansion around such a time dependent solution is found to break fundamental symmetries of quantum field…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Pankaj Jain , Subhadip Mitra

We compute the running of the cosmological constant and Newton's constant taking into account the effect of quantum fields with any spin between 0 and 2. We find that Newton's constant does not vary appreciably but the cosmological constant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Djamel Dou , Roberto Percacci

The Cosmological Constant Problem emerges when Quantum Field Theory is applied to the gravitational theory, due to the enormous magnitude of the induced energy of the vacuum. The unique known solution of this problem involves an extremely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Ilya L. Shapiro , Joan Sola

We complete the proof of Weinberg's no-go theorem on the cosmological constant problem in classical gravity when the theory has a (global) scale symmetry. Stimulated with this proof, we explore a solution to the cosmological constant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-12-27 Ichiro Oda

We construct a class of theories which are scale invariant on quantum level in all orders of perturbation theory. In a subclass of these models scale invariance is spontaneously broken, leading to the existence of a massless dilaton. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-16 Mikhail Shaposhnikov , Daniel Zenhausern

We discuss the issue of the cosmological constant in non-commutative non-supersymmetric gauge theories. In particular, in orbifold field theories non-commutativity acts as a UV cut-off. We suggest that in these theories quantum corrections…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Adi Armoni , Rodolfo Russo

We show that a theory with conformal invariance, which is explicitly broken by small terms, provides a solution to the fine tuning problem of the cosmological constant. In the absence of the symmetry breaking terms, the cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-19 Pankaj Jain , Gopal Kashyap

A mechanism is introduced to reduce a large cosmological constant to a sufficiently small value consistent with observational upper limit. The basic ingradient in this mechanism is a distinction which has been made between the two unit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Y. Bisabr , H. Salehi

Scale invariance in the theory of classical mechanics can be induced from the scale invariance of background fields. In this paper we consider the relation between the scale invariance and the constants of particle motion in a self-similar…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-06-26 Takahisa Igata

We show that the cosmological constant appears as a Lagrange multiplier if nature is described by a canonical noncommutative spacetime. It is thus an arbitrary parameter unrelated to the action and thus to vacuum fluctuations. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Xavier Calmet

Recent astrophysical observations seem to indicate that the cosmological constant is small but nonzero and positive. The old cosmological constant problem asks why it is so small; we must now ask, in addition, why it is nonzero (and is in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-04-15 Y. Jack Ng , H. van Dam

Recently, a new framework for describing the multiverse has been proposed which is based on the principles of quantum mechanics. The framework allows for well-defined predictions, both regarding global properties of the universe and…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 Grant Larsen , Yasunori Nomura , H. L. L. Roberts

We have recently constructed a manifestly local formulation of a nonlocal approach to the cosmological constant problem which can treat with quantum effects from both matter and gravitational fields. In this formulation, it has been…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-05-09 Ichiro Oda

The computation of the spectrum of primordial perturbations, generated by a scalar field during the super-inflationary phase of Loop Quantum Cosmology, is revisited. The calculation is performed for two different cases. The first considers…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 D. J. Mulryne , N. J. Nunes

Cosmological constant can always be considered as the on-shell value of a top form in gravitational theories. The top form is field strength of a gauge field, and the theory enjoys a gauge symmetry. We show that cosmological constant is the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-29 Dmitry Chernyavsky , Kamal Hajian

In this paper, we show the equivalence between a classical static scalar field theory and the (closed) de Sitter cosmological model whose potential represents shape invariance property. Based on this equivalence, we calculate the one-loop…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-06-06 F. Darabi , S. Jalalzadeh

We generalize the standard model of particle physics such it displays global scale invariance. The gravitational action is also suitably modified such that it respects this symmetry. This model is interesting since the cosmological constant…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Pankaj Jain , Subhadip Mitra , Naveen K. Singh

A finite and unitary nonlocal formulation of quantum gravity is applied to the cosmological constant problem. The entire functions in momentum space at the graviton-standard model particle loop vertices generate an exponential suppression…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-02-08 J. W. Moffat