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It is shown using a space-time curvature classification and decomposition that for certain holonomy types of a space-time, proper projective vector fields cannot exist. Existence is confirmed, by example, for the remaining holonomy types.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 G. S. Hall , D. P. Lonie

We define a special network that exhibits the large embeddings in any class of similar algebras. With the aid of this network, we introduce a notion of distance that conceivably counts the minimum number of dissimilarities, in a sense,…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-12-24 Tuğba Aslan , Mohamed Khaled , Gergely Székely

In order to conduct analyses of networked systems where connections between individuals take on a range of values - counts, continuous strengths or ordinal rankings - a common technique is to dichotomize the data according to their…

Applications · Statistics 2015-03-17 Andrew C. Thomas , Joseph K. Blitzstein

In this paper we offer a metric similar to graph edit distance which measures the distance between two (possibly infinite)weighted graphs with finite norm (we define the norm of a graph as the sum of absolute values of its edges). The main…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-06-16 Hamed Daneshpajouh , Hamid Reza Daneshpajouh , Farzad Didehvar

If a vertex in a graph can be deleted without affecting distances among the other vertices, we shall say it is distance-redundant. Graphs with all, some or no such vertices are discussed. (The latter class was termed distance-critical by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-26 Andrew Steane

Various real-life networks of current interest are simultaneously scale-free and modular. Here we study analytically the average distance in a class of deterministically growing scale-free modular networks. By virtue of the recursive…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-12-09 Zhongzhi Zhang , Yuan Lin , Shuigeng Zhou , Zhigang Wang , Jihong Guan

Previous work (Pradines, 1966, Aof and Brown, 1992) has given a setting for a holonomy Lie groupoid of a locally Lie groupoid. Here we develop analogous 2-dimensional notions starting from a locally Lie crossed module of groupoids. This…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Ronald Brown , Ilhan Icen

A key measure that has been used extensively in analyzing complex networks is the degree of a node (the number of the node's neighbors). Because of its discrete nature, when the degree measure was used in analyzing weighted networks,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-04-15 Sherief Abdallah

Despite the growing interest in characterizing the local geometry leading to the global topology of networks, our understanding of the local structure of complex networks, especially real-world networks, is still incomplete. Here, we…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Amirhossein Farzam , Areejit Samal , Jürgen Jost

A `discrete differential manifold' we call a countable set together with an algebraic differential calculus on it. This structure has already been explored in previous work and provides us with a convenient framework for the formulation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 A. Dimakis , F. M"uller-Hoissen , F. Vanderseypen

Counting the number of nodes in Anonymous Dynamic Networks is enticing from an algorithmic perspective: an important computation in a restricted platform with promising applications. Starting with Michail, Chatzigiannakis, and Spirakis…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Dariusz R. Kowalski , Miguel A. Mosteiro

A distance labeling scheme labels the $n$ nodes of a graph with binary strings such that, given the labels of any two nodes, one can determine the distance in the graph between the two nodes by looking only at the labels. A $D$-preserving…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Stephen Alstrup , Søren Dahlgaard , Mathias Bæk Tejs Knudsen , Ely Porat

Spatial networks are networks where nodes are located in a space equipped with a metric. Typically, the space is two-dimensional and until recently and traditionally, the metric that was usually considered was the Euclidean distance. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho

Utilizing a single camera for measuring object distances is a cost-effective alternative to stereo-vision and LiDAR. Although monocular distance estimation has been explored in the literature, most existing techniques rely on object class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Pedram Agand , Michael Chang , Mo Chen

The topological structure of complex networks has fascinated researchers for several decades, resulting in the discovery of many universal properties and reoccurring characteristics of different kinds of networks. However, much less is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-06-28 Yvonne Anne Pignolet , Matthieu Roy , Stefan Schmid , Gilles Tredan

The topological structure of complex networks has fascinated researchers for several decades, resulting in the discovery of many universal properties and reoccurring characteristics of different kinds of networks. However, much less is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-02 Yvonne Anne Pignolet , Matthieu Roy , Stefan Schmid , Gilles Tredan

This work describes how the formalization of complex network concepts in terms of discrete mathematics, especially mathematical morphology, allows a series of generalizations and important results ranging from new measurements of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-19 Luciano da Fontoura Costa , Luis Enrique C. da Rocha

Fino and Kath determined all possible holonomy groups of seven-dimensional pseu\-do-Rie\-man\-nian manifolds contained in the exceptional, non-compact, simple Lie group $\mathrm{G}_2^*$ via the corresponding Lie algebras. They are…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2019-06-18 Christian Volkhausen

In this work we develop a discrete trace theory that spans non-conforming hybrid discretization methods and holds on polytopal meshes. A notion of a discrete trace seminorm is defined, and trace and lifting results with respect to a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Santiago Badia , Jerome Droniou , Jai Tushar

Isolation is a concept from the world of clique enumeration that is mostly used to model communities that do not have much contact to the outside world. Herein, a clique is considered isolated if it has few edges connecting it to the rest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Hendrik Molter , Rolf Niedermeier , Malte Renken