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We consider Parikh images of languages accepted by non-deterministic finite automata and context-free grammars; in other words, we treat the languages in a commutative way --- we do not care about the order of letters in the accepted word,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Eryk Kopczyński

Partial words are sequences over a finite alphabet that may contain wildcard symbols, called holes, which match or are compatible with all letters; partial words without holes are said to be full words (or simply words). Given an infinite…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Francine Blanchet-Sadri , Aleksandar Chakarov , Lucas Manuelli , Jarett Schwartz , Slater Stich

In this paper, we study algorithmic problems for automaton semigroups and automaton groups related to freeness and finiteness. In the course of this study, we also exhibit some connections between the algebraic structure of automaton…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Daniele D'Angeli , Emanuele Rodaro , Jan Philipp Wächter

Building on the previous extensive study of Yang, Gould and the present author, we provide a more precise insight into the group-theoretical ramifications of the word problem for free idempotent generated semigroups over finite biordered…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-22 Igor Dolinka

An important problem in network science is finding an optimal placement of sensors in nodes in order to uniquely detect failures in the network. This problem can be modelled as an identifying code set (ICS) problem, introduced by Karpovsky…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Anna L. D. Latour , Arunabha Sen , Kuldeep S. Meel

Proving linear inequalities and identities of Shannon's information measures, possibly with linear constraints on the information measures, is an important problem in information theory. For this purpose, ITIP and other variant algorithms…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Laigang Guo , Raymond W. Yeung , Xiao-Shan Gao

The Identifying Code (IC) problem seeks a vertex subset whose intersection with every vertex's closed neighborhood is unique, enabling fault detection in multiprocessor systems and practical uses in identity verification, environmental…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Aritra Banik , Praneet Kumar Patra , Adele Anna Rescigno , Abhishek Sahu

The goal of the \emph{alignment problem} is to align a (given) point cloud $P = \{p_1,\cdots,p_n\}$ to another (observed) point cloud $Q = \{q_1,\cdots,q_n\}$. That is, to compute a rotation matrix $R \in \mathbb{R}^{3 \times 3}$ and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Ibrahim Jubran , Alaa Maalouf , Ron Kimmel , Dan Feldman

Patterns are words with terminals and variables. The language of a pattern is the set of words obtained by uniformly substituting all variables with words that contain only terminals. Length constraints restrict valid substitutions of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Dirk Nowotka , Max Wiedenhöft

Despite strong performance on a variety of tasks, neural sequence models trained with maximum likelihood have been shown to exhibit issues such as length bias and degenerate repetition. We study the related issue of receiving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Sean Welleck , Ilia Kulikov , Jaedeok Kim , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , Kyunghyun Cho

We prove that the problems of representing a finite ordered complemented semigroup or finite lattice-ordered semigroup as an algebra of binary relations over a finite set are undecidable. In the case that complementation is taken with…

Logic · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Murray Neuzerling

Sofic and hyperlinear groups are the countable discrete groups that can be approximated in a suitable sense by finite symmetric groups and groups of unitary matrices. These notions turned out to be very deep and fruitful, and stimulated in…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-06 Valerio Capraro , Martino Lupini

Rice's Theorem states that every nontrivial language property of the recursively enumerable sets is undecidable. Borchert and Stephan initiated the search for complexity-theoretic analogs of Rice's Theorem. In particular, they proved that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Lane A. Hemaspaandra , Joerg Rothe

The issue of identifiers is crucial in distributed computing. Informally, identities are used for tackling two of the fundamental difficulties that areinherent to deterministic distributed computing, namely: (1) symmetry breaking, and (2)…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-23 Pierre Fraigniaud , Magnús Halldórsson , Amos Korman

The study of word equations (or the existential theory of equations over free monoids) is a central topic in mathematics and theoretical computer science. The problem of deciding whether a given word equation has a solution was shown to be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Joel Day , Vijay Ganesh , Paul He , Florin Manea , Dirk Nowotka

A variant of the index coding problem (ICP), the embedded index coding problem (EICP) was introduced in [A. Porter and M. Wootters, "Embedded index coding," ITW, Sweden, 2019] which was motivated by its application in distributed computing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Shanuja Sasi , Vaneet Aggarwal , B. Sundar Rajan

Given polynomials $f_0,\dots, f_k$ the Ideal Membership Problem, IMP for short, asks if $f_0$ belongs to the ideal generated by $f_1,\dots, f_k$. In the search version of this problem the task is to find a proof of this fact. The IMP is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Andrei A. Bulatov , Akbar Rafiey

In the monotone integer dualization problem, we are given two sets of vectors in an integer box such that no vector in the first set is dominated by a vector in the second. The question is to check if the two sets of vectors cover the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Khaled Elbassioni

We study here the semi-supervised $k$-clustering problem where information is available on whether pairs of objects are in the same or in different clusters. This information is either available with certainty or with a limited level of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Philipp Baumann , Dorit S. Hochbaum

We show that the Word Problem in finitely generated subgroups of $\textsf{GL}_d(\mathbb{Z})$ can be solved in linear average-case complexity. This is done under the bit-complexity model, which accounts for the fact that large integers are…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Frédérique Bassino , Cyril Nicaud , Pascal Weil