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We analyze the internal velocity dispersions of a sample of 172 nearby galaxy clusters (z < 0.15), each of which has at least 30 available galaxy redshifts, and spans a large richness range. Cluster membership selection is based on…

Globular clusters are useful to test the validity of Newtonian dynamics in the low acceleration regime typical of galaxies, without the complications of non-baryonic dark matter. Specifically, in absence of disturbing effects, e.g. tidal…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 R. Scarpa , G. Marconi , G. Carraro , R. Falomo , S. Villanova

NGC 3311, the central galaxy of the Hydra I cluster, shows signatures of recent infall of satellite galaxies from the cluster environment. Previous work has shown that the line-of-sight velocity dispersion of the stars and globular clusters…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-11-14 M. Hilker , T. Richtler , C. E. Barbosa , M. Arnaboldi , L. Coccato , C. Mendes de Oliveira

We search for the presence of substructure, a non-Gaussian, asymmetrical velocity distribution of galaxies, and large peculiar velocities of the main galaxies in galaxy clusters with at least 50 member galaxies, drawn from the SDSS DR8. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 M. Einasto , J. Vennik , P. Nurmi , E. Tempel , A. Ahvensalmi , E. Tago , L. J. Liivamagi , E. Saar , P. Heinamaki , J. Einasto , V. J. Martinez

Velocity dispersions have been employed as a method to measure masses of clusters. To complement this conventional method, we explore the possibility of constraining cluster masses from the stacked phase space distribution of galaxies at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-04 Akinari Hamabata , Masamune Oguri , Takahiro Nishimichi

Recent photometric studies have shown that early-type galaxies at fixed stellar mass were smaller and denser at earlier times. In this paper we assess that finding by deriving the dynamical mass of such a compact quiescent galaxy at z=1.8.…

Certain types of globular clusters have the very important property that the predictions for their kinematics in the Newtonian and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) contexts are divergent. Here, we caution the recent claim that the stellar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-14 Gianfranco Gentile , Benoit Famaey , Garry W. Angus , Pavel Kroupa

The initial velocity dispersion of newborn stars is a major unconstrained aspect of star formation theory. Using near-infrared spectra obtained with the APOGEE spectrograph, we show that the velocity dispersion of young (1-2 Myr) stars in…

The recent SDSS measured velocity distribution of satellite galaxies has been modelled in the context of MOND. We show that even when the extra constraint of adhering to the projected satellite number density profile is added, the two line…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-12-27 Garry Angus , Benoit Famaey , Olivier Tiret , Francoise Combes , HongSheng Zhao

We analyze the velocity dispersion profiles of nine open clusters in the solar neighborhood using kinematic data from Gaia DR 3, aiming to identify potential dynamical signatures of stellar-mass black holes through a comparison of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-28 Bingqian Ma , XiaoYing Pang , Sambaran Banerjee , Pengfei Ren , M. B. N. Kouwenhoven

Stars with a different vertical motion relative to the galactic disk have a different average acceleration. According to Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) theories they should therefore have a different average orbital velocity while…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-01-27 Ben Margalit , Nir J. Shaviv

We investigate the possibility of discriminating between Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) and Newtonian gravity with dark matter, by studying the vertical dynamics of disk galaxies. We consider models with the same circular velocity in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Carlo Nipoti , Pasquale Londrillo , HongSheng Zhao , Luca Ciotti

We have carried out a study of the velocity dispersion of the stars in the outskirts of the globular cluster Omega Centauri, finding that the velocity dispersion remains constant at large radii rather than decrease monotonically. The…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 Riccardo Scarpa , Gianni Marconi , Roberto Gilmozzi

We measure the three components of velocity dispersion, $\sigma_{R},\sigma_{\theta},\sigma_{\phi}$, for stars within 6 < R < 30 kpc of the Milky Way using a new radial velocity sample from the MMT telescope. We combine our measurements with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-11-11 Charles King , Warren R. Brown , Margaret J. Geller , Scott J. Kenyon

Globular clusters (GCs) in the Milky Way have characteristic velocity dispersions that are consistent with the predictions of Newtonian gravity, and may be at odds with Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). We discuss a modified gravity (MOG)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-06-14 J. W. Moffat , V. T. Toth

We use a high resolution collisionless simulation of a Virgo--like cluster in a $\Lambda$CDM cosmology to determine the velocity and clustering properties of the diffuse stellar component in the intracluster region at the present epoch. The…

Radial velocity measurements can be used to constrain the dynamical state of a stellar cluster. However, for clusters with velocity dispersions smaller than a few km/s the observed radial velocity distribution tends to be dominated by the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Michiel Cottaar , Michael R. Meyer , Richard J. Parker

The works in this portfolio test the hypothesis that it is not possible to extrapolate the Newtonian inverse square law of gravity from Solar System to galaxy scales. In particular, I look into various tests of Modified Newtonian Dynamics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-26 Indranil Banik

The velocity-space distribution of the solar neighbourhood stars shows complex substructures. Most of the previous studies use static potentials to investigate their origins. Instead we use a self-consistent $N$-body model of the Milky Way,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-05-25 Tetsuro Asano , Michiko S. Fujii , Junichi Baba , Jeroen Bédorf , Elena Sellentin , Simon Portegies Zwart

We present a new Particle-Mesh cosmological N-body code for accurately solving the modified Poisson equation of the Quasi Linear formulation of MOND. We generate initial conditions for the Angus (2009) cosmological model, which is identical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Garry W. Angus , Antonaldo Diaferio