Related papers: Acceleration Mechanisms
We discuss the recent developments in the theory of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) by using both first-principle kinetic plasma simulations and analytical theory based on the solution of the convection/diffusion equation. In particular,…
This lecture introduces major physics and technology aspects of accelerator vacuum systems. Following an introduction, in the second section generic vacuum quantities such as pressure, gas density, the gas equation, pumping speed,…
The shock waves produce relativistic particles via the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) mechanism. Among various circumstances, fast acceleration has been expected for perpendicular shocks. We investigate the acceleration time and the…
Sec I - Introduction Sec II - Equilibrium properties: generalities and methodology Sec III - Equilibrium properties: some important quantities Sec IV - Dynamical properties: heuristic approach Sec V - Dynamical properties: stochastic…
Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at relativistic shocks is expected to be an important acceleration mechanism in a variety of astrophysical objects including extragalactic jets in active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts. These sources…
Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at relativistic shocks is expected to be an important acceleration mechanism in a variety of astrophysical objects including extragalactic jets in active galactic nuclei and gamma ray bursts. These sources…
The recent discoveries in the theory of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) that stem from first-principle kinetic plasma simulations are discussed. When ion acceleration is efficient, the back-reaction of non-thermal particles and…
In this lecture the basic concepts of electromagnetic waves in accelerating structures are discussed. After a short introduction on the propagation of electromagnetic waves and on the concept of travelling wave and standing wave structures,…
Particle acceleration occurs on a range of scales from AU in the heliosphere to Mpc in clusters of galaxies and to energies ranging from MeV to EeV. A number of acceleration processes have been proposed, but diffusive shock acceleration…
A comprehensive review is given of the various processes proposed for accelerating particles by shocks to high energies. These energies are limited by several bounds: the non-relativistic nature of the heliospheric collisionless shocks to…
This work describes numerical methods that are useful in many areas: examples include statistical modelling (bioinformatics, computational biology), theoretical physics, and even pure mathematics. The methods are primarily useful for the…
Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) is now widely accepted as the model to explain the production of cosmic rays (CRs) in a wide range of astrophysical environments. Despite initial successes of the theory in explaining the energetics and…
These notes present the fundamentals of Fermi acceleration at shocks, with a special attention to the role that supernova remnants have in producing Galactic cosmic rays. Then, the recent discoveries in the theory of diffusive shock…
Contents: 1. Pomeron physics 2. Multiplicities 3. Single-particle distributions 4. Correlations and fluctuations 5. Special final states and interaction mechanisms 6. Cosmic rays and forward detectors
The main features of radio-frequency linear accelerators are introduced, reviewing the different types of accelerating structures and presenting the main characteristics aspects of linac beam dynamics.
A tutorial review is given of some developments and applications of stochastic processes from the point of view of the practicioner physicist. The index is the following: 1.- Introduction 2.- Stochastic Processes 3.- Transient Stochastic…
Diffusive acceleration at collisionless shock waves remains one of the most promising acceleration mechanisms for the description of the origin of cosmic rays at all energies. A crucial ingredient to be taken into account is the reaction of…
Contents. 1. Introduction. 2. Kinematics of a Material Medium: Material Representation. 3. Kinematics of a Material Medium: Convected Differentials. 4. Kinematics of a Perfect Elastic Medium. 5. Small Gravitational Perturbations of an…
Particle acceleration in relativistic shocks is studied analytically in the test-particle, small-angle scattering limit, for an arbitrary velocity-angle diffusion function D. Accurate analytic expressions for the spectral index s are…
Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) by relativistic shocks is thought to generate the $dN/dE\propto E^{-p}$ spectra of charged particles in various astronomical relativistic flows. We show that for test particles in one dimension (1D),…