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An extension of the Dirac procedure for the quantization of constrained systems is necessary to address certain issues that are left open in Dirac's original proposal. These issues play an important role especially in the context of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-22 A. Ashtekar , Ranjeet S. Tate

We study the discretization of (almost-)Dirac structures using the notion of retraction and discretization maps on manifolds. Additionally, we apply the proposed discretization techniques to obtain numerical integrators for port-Hamiltonian…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-12 María Barbero-Liñán , Juan Manuel López Medel , David Martín de Diego

In this paper, we present a detailed review/analysis of the Dirac quantisation of Hamiltonian systems with constraints. To this end, we use, as a guide, the physical example provided by the dynamics of a solid ball rolling, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 M. F. Araujo de Resende , Thales Machado F

After recalling standard nonlinear port-Hamiltonian systems and their algebraic constraint equations, called here Dirac algebraic constraints, an extended class of port-Hamiltonian systems is introduced. This is based on replacing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-09-17 Arjan van der Schaft , Bernhard Maschke

In the Dirac bracket approach to dynamical systems with second class constraints observables are represented by elements of a quotient Dirac bracket algebra. We describe families of new realizations of this algebra through quotients of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 A. V. Bratchikov

An extension of the Legendre transform to non-convex functions with vanishing Hessian as a mix of envelope and general solutions of the Clairaut equation is proposed. Applying this to systems with constraints, the procedure of finding a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-09-11 Steven Duplij

Metriplectic dynamics couple a Poisson bracket of the Hamiltonian description with a kind of metric bracket, for describing systems with both Hamiltonian and dissipative components. The construction builds in asymptotic convergence to a…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-07-04 Massimo Materassi , Philip J. Morrison

We study the non-selfadjoint Dirac system on a finite interval having non-integrable regular singularities in interior points with additional matching conditions at these points. Properties of spectral characteristics are established, and…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-02 Oleg Gorbunov , Vjacheslav Yurko

The reduction of nonholonomic systems is formulated in terms of Dirac reduction. An optimal reduction method for a class of nonholonomic systems is formulated. Several examples are studied in detail.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-10-17 Madeleine Jotz , Tudor Ratiu

In this work we study some symplectic submanifolds in the cotangent bundle of a factorizable Lie group defined by second class constraints. By applying the Dirac method, we study many issues of these spaces as fundamental Dirac brackets,…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 S. Capriotti , H. Montani

We derive the Dirac brackets for the O(N) nonlinear sigma model in the lightfront description with and without the constraint. We bring out various subtleties that arise including the fact that anti-periodic boundary condition seems to be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Ashok Das

In recent years, we have established the iteration theory of the index for symplectic matrix paths and applied it to periodic solution problems of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems. This paper is a survey on these results.

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Yiming Long

Dirac algorithm allows to construct Hamiltonian systems for singular systems, and so contributing to its successful quantization. A drawback of this method is that the resulting quantized theory does not have manifest Lorentz invariance.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-09-17 Hernán Cendra , Santiago Capriotti

We analyze the canonical treatment of classical constrained mechanical systems formulated with a discrete time. We prove that under very general conditions, it is possible to introduce nonsingular canonical transformations that preserve the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Cayetano Di Bartolo , Rodolfo Gambini , Rafael Porto , Jorge Pullin

In this paper, non-Hamiltonian systems with holonomic constraints are treated by a generalization of Dirac's formalism. Non-Hamiltonian phase space flows can be described by generalized antisymmetric brackets or by general Liouville…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Alessandro Sergi

In this paper we extend the standard differential geometric theory of Hamiltonian dynamics to noncommutative spaces, beginning with symplectic forms. Derivations on the algebra are used instead of vector fields, and interior products and…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Edwin J. Beggs

We provide a generalization of the notion of Dirac system by using Morse families to intrinsically embrace the dynamics associated with different physical systems such as constrained variational calculus, optimal control, Lagrangian…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-04-17 M. Barbero-Liñán , H. Cendra , E. García-Toraño Andrés , D. Martín de Diego

The Dirac-Bergmann algorithm is a recipe for converting a theory with a singular Lagrangian into a constrained Hamiltonian system. Constrained Hamiltonian systems include gauge theories -- general relativity, electromagnetism, Yang Mills,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-10 J. David Brown

Dirac delta function of matrix argument is employed frequently in the development of diverse fields such as Random Matrix Theory, Quantum Information Theory, etc. The purpose of the article is pedagogical, it begins by recalling detailed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Lin Zhang

We apply the Dirac factorization method to the nonrelativistic harmonic oscillator and, more in general, to Hamiltonians with a generic potential. It is shown that this procedure naturally leads to a supersymmetric formulation of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-03-16 D. Babusci , G. Dattoli